Party of Civic Understanding

Party of Civic Understanding

Strana občianskeho porozumenia
Party of Civic Understanding Strana občianskeho porozumenia
Leader	Pavol Hamžík (last)
Founder	Rudolf Schuster
Founded	1998
Dissolved	1 March 2003
Merged into	Direction (Third Way)
Ideology	Social democracy; Social liberalism; Third Way; Populism; Pro-Europeanism
Political position	Centre-left
	Politics of Slovakia; Political parties; Elections;

The Party of Civic Understanding (Slovak: Strana občianskeho porozumenia, SOP) was a centre-left political party in Slovakia between 1998 and 2003. Between 1998 and 2002 the party was part of the coalition government led by Mikuláš Dzurinda, with the founder of the party, Rudolf Schuster, being elected President of Slovakia in 1999.

In government the party lost support and after the 2002 election had no seats in parliament. The party dissolved on the 1 March 2003 and recommended its members join Direction – Social Democracy (SMER).

^ "Slovak party ends activity, its members joining bigger party". Radio Slovakia. BBC Monitoring (NewsBank). 1 March 2003. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lang, Kai-Olaf (2000). Slowakei - Rissiges Fundament der Orientierung auf NATO und EU (PDF). Bundesinstitut für ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien. p. 3.
^ Day, Alan J; East, Roger; Thomas, Richard (2002). A Political and Economic Dictionary of Eastern Europe. London: Europa Publications. p. 433.
^ ^a ^b Učen, Peter (2004). Centrist Populism as a New Competitive and Mobilization Strategy in Slovak Politics (PDF). p. 52.
^ Jacques Rupnik; Jan Zielonka (8 November 2003). The Road to the European Union. Manchester University Press. pp. 52–. ISBN 978-0-7190-6597-2. Retrieved 27 August 2013.

[ends-1] "Slovak party ends activity, its members joining bigger party". Radio Slovakia. BBC Monitoring (NewsBank). 1 March 2003. Retrieved 24 January 2013.

[BIOst-2] Lang, Kai-Olaf (2000). Slowakei - Rissiges Fundament der Orientierung auf NATO und EU (PDF). Bundesinstitut für ostwissenschaftliche und internationale Studien. p. 3.

[economic-3] Day, Alan J; East, Roger; Thomas, Richard (2002). A Political and Economic Dictionary of Eastern Europe. London: Europa Publications. p. 433.

[Učen-4] Učen, Peter (2004). Centrist Populism as a New Competitive and Mobilization Strategy in Slovak Politics (PDF). p. 52.

[RupnikZielonka2003-5] Jacques Rupnik; Jan Zielonka (8 November 2003). The Road to the European Union. Manchester University Press. pp. 52–. ISBN 978-0-7190-6597-2. Retrieved 27 August 2013.

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