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In the psychological literature, a distinction is often made between two types of love.[1] Hatfield & Walster define:[1]
- passionate love as "a state of intense longing for union with another. Reciprocated love (union with the other) is associated with fulfillment and ecstasy; unrequited love (separation) is associated with emptiness, anxiety, or despair"[1]
- companionate love as "the affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined."[1]
Passionate love is also called "romantic love" in some literature,[1][2][3][4] especially fields of biology,[5] but the term "passionate love" is most common in psychology.[5] Other terms compared to passionate love are being "in love",[2][1][3] having a crush,[1] obsessive love,[1][2][3] infatuation[6][1][7], limerence[1][8][3] and Eros.[2]
Companionate love is commonly called "attachment"[6][9][5] (sometimes in relation to attachment theory,[10] but not always)[9] or compared to strong liking,[2] friendship love[2] or Storge.[2]
Passionate and companionate love follow different mechanics,[2] and evolutionary theories suggest they exist for different purposes.[3][5] Passionate love is usually only present in the early stage of a relationship and then fades,[6] and companionate love often follows after.[4][8] Both passionate and companionate love contribute to relationship satisfaction.[2]
Passionate and companionate love are further distinguished from a third type of love, compassionate love, which is specifically focused on caring about others.[2]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hatfield, Elaine (1988). The Psychology of Love. Yale University Press. pp. 191–217. ISBN 9780300045895. Archived from the original on 2024-05-25. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Berscheid, Ellen (2010). "Love in the Fourth Dimension". Annual Review of Psychology. 61: 1–25. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100318. PMID 19575626.
- ^ a b c d e Fisher, Helen (October 2002). "Defining the Brain Systems of Lust, Romantic Attraction, and Attachment". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 31 (5): 413–419. doi:10.1023/A:1019888024255. PMID 12238608. Archived from the original on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
- ^ a b Bode, Adam; Kushnick, Geoff (11 April 2021). "Proximate and Ultimate Perspectives on Romantic Love". Frontiers in Psychology. 12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.573123. PMC 8074860. PMID 33912094.
- ^ a b c d Bode, Adam (16 October 2023). "Romantic love evolved by co-opting mother-infant bonding". Frontiers in Psychology. 14. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1176067. PMC 10616966. PMID 37915523.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
loveorinfatuationwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Langeslag, Sandra; Muris, Peter; Franken, Ingmar (25 Oct 2012). "Measuring Romantic Love: Psychometric Properties of the Infatuation and Attachment Scales". The Journal of Sex Research. 50 (8): 739–747. doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.714011. PMID 23098269.
- ^ a b Lehr, Nick (10 October 2016). "Limerence: The potent grip of obsessive love" (web). CNN. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
refutingwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
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