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The Paḻayakūṟ (Pazhayakoor; English: "Old Allegiance"), also known as Romo-Syrians[1] or Syrian Catholics of Malabar, are the Saint Thomas Christians who use the East Syriac Rite and claim apostolic origin from the Indian mission of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century AD.
The Saint Thomas Christians were originally in full communion with the Church of the East in Persia, from whom they inherited the East Syriac liturgical rite. Through the Schism of 1552, a faction of the Church of the East entered the Catholic Church. Following the 1599 Synod of Diamper, they were placed under the Latin Church's Padroado missionaries, who took over the jurisdiction of Angamaly.[2][3][a] After the Coonan Cross Oath of 1653, which constituted a secession from the Padroado, the Paḻayakūṟ quickly returned to the Catholic Church as East Syriac Catholics under Archbishop Palliveettil Chandy.[6]
Chandy's followers eventually became the Syro-Malabar Church, an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See. Another group within the Paḻayakūṟ returned to the traditions of the Church of the East and became the Chaldean Syrian Church, now part of the Assyrian Church of the East.[7]
- ^ The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society. Vol.3. Mythic Society. 1911. p. 141.
This incident marks an epoch in the history of the Syrian Church, and led to a separation of the community into parties, namely the Pazhayakuru (the Romo-Syrians) who adhered to the Church of Rome according to the Synod at Diamper; and the Puttankuru, the Jacobite Syrians, who after the oath of the Coonan Cross got Mar Gregory from Antioch, acknowledged the spiritual supremacy thereof. The former owed its foundation to the Archbishop Menezes and the Synod at Diamper in 1599 and its reconciliation after the revolt to the Carmelite Bishop Father Joseph of St.Mary whom the Pope appointed in 1659.
- ^ Koonammakkal (2013).
- ^ Malekandathil (2013).
- ^ Thoma Kathanar, Paremmakkal (2014). Varthamanappusthakam (Translation of John Malieckal). Oriental Institute of Religious Studies India Publications, Vadavathoor. ISBN 978-93-82762-15-7.
- ^ ""THE VARTHAMANAPPUSTHAKAM" written by Cathanar Thomman Paremmakkal". nasrani.net. Archived from the original on 27 April 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
The Author mostly uses the term 'Malankara' in Varthamanappusthakam to represent Catholics of those times. It has been rendered in translation as "Malabar". Both " Malankara" and "Malabar" stands for the same region. In today's ecclesiastic language " Malankara" denote the West Syriac rite of the "Malankra Orthodox", "Malankara Jacobite", "Malankara Mar Thoma" and "Syro Malankra". The " Malabar" denote the East Syriac rite of the " Syro Malabar Church".
- ^ Perczel (2013), p. 417.
- ^ Perczel (2013), p. 435-436.
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