Pemphredoninae

Pemphredoninae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Crabronidae
Subfamily:	Pemphredoninae
Tribes, subtribes and genera
	Entomosericini (Dalla Torre, 1897): Entomosericus (Dahlbom, 1845); Odontosphecini (Menke, 1967): Odontosphex; Pemphredonini (Dahlbom, 1835): Ammoplanina (Evans, 1959) 9 genera; ; Pemphredonina (Dahlbom, 1835) 4 genera; ; Spilomenina (Menke, 1989) 4 genera; ; Stigmina (R. Bohart and Menke, 1976) 11 genera; ; Psenini (A. Costa, 1858): Ammopsen (Krombein, 1959); Deinomimesa (Perkins, 1899); Lithium (Finnamore, 1987); Mimesa (Shuckard, 1937); Mimumesa (Malloch, 1933); Nesomimesa (Malloch, 1933); Odontopsen (Tsuneki, 1964); Pluto (Pate, 1937); Psen (Latreille, 1796); Pseneo (Malloch, 1933); Psenulus (Kohl, 1897);

The subfamily Pemphredoninae also known as the aphid wasps,^[1] is a large group in the wasp family Crabronidae, with over 1000 species. Historically, this subfamily has frequently been accorded family status. In some recent phylogenetic analyses, one of the subtribes within this group is the sister lineage to the superfamily Apoidea, and accorded family rank as Ammoplanidae along with Pemphredonidae and Psenidae so as to keep families monophyletic.^[2]

The subfamily consists of solitary wasps, each genus having its own distinct and consistent prey preferences. The adult females dig tunnels in the ground, or plant material, for nesting.^[3]

As with all other sphecoid wasps, the larvae are carnivorous; females hunt for prey on which to lay their eggs, mass provisioning the nest cells with paralyzed, living prey that the larvae feed upon after hatching from the egg.

^ "Subfamily Pemphredoninae - Aphid Wasps", accessed 14 January 2009
^ Manuela Sann, Oliver Niehuis, Ralph S. Peters, Christoph Mayer, Alexey Kozlov, Lars Podsiadlowski, Sarah Bank, Karen Meusemann, Bernhard Misof, Christoph Bleidorn, and Michael Ohl (2018) Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18:71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8
^ Sharp, David (1901) "Insects Part II: Chapter III: Hymenoptera Aculeata continued: Family Sphegidae-Crabronides: Sub-Fam. 9. Mimesides." in Harmer, S. F. and Shipley, A. E. (eds.) (1901) The Cambridge Natural History Macmillan and Co., London, p. 128 OCLC 559687

[1] "Subfamily Pemphredoninae - Aphid Wasps", accessed 14 January 2009

[Sannetal-2] Manuela Sann, Oliver Niehuis, Ralph S. Peters, Christoph Mayer, Alexey Kozlov, Lars Podsiadlowski, Sarah Bank, Karen Meusemann, Bernhard Misof, Christoph Bleidorn, and Michael Ohl (2018) Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18:71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8

[3] Sharp, David (1901) "Insects Part II: Chapter III: Hymenoptera Aculeata continued: Family Sphegidae-Crabronides: Sub-Fam. 9. Mimesides." in Harmer, S. F. and Shipley, A. E. (eds.) (1901) The Cambridge Natural History Macmillan and Co., London, p. 128 OCLC 559687

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