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| Penstemon | |
|---|---|
| |
| Penstemon nitidus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Tribe: | Cheloneae |
| Genus: | Penstemon Schmidel |
| Species | |
Penstemon /ˈpɛnstɪmən/,[1] the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 280 species of flowering plants native mostly to the Nearctic, but with a few species also found in the North American portion of the Neotropics.[2] It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America.[3][4] As well as being the scientific name, penstemon is also widely used as a common name for all Penstemon species alongside beardtongues.
Formerly placed in the family Scrophulariaceae by the Cronquist system, new genetic research has placed it in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae.[5][6] The total number of species is uncertain due to on going research into if some of the named species are actually subspecies or misidentifications of already identified species.[7]
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ "Penstemon". Wolfe Lab. Ohio State University. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
- ^ Jepson, Willis Linn; Holmgren, Noel H. (1993) [1925]. Hickman, James C. (ed.). The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California (First ed.). Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 1050. ISBN 0-52008255-9.
- ^ Wetherwax, Margriet; Holmgren, Noel H. (2012). Baldwin, Bruce G.; Goldman, Douglas; Keil, David J.; Patterson, Robert; Rosatti, Thomas J.; Wilken, Dieter (eds.). The Jepson Manual, Vascular Plants of California, Thoroughly Revised and Expanded (Second ed.). Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 1017. ISBN 9780520253124.
- ^ Olmstead, Richard G.; de Pamphilis, Claude W.; Wolfe, Andrea D.; Young, Nelson D.; Elisons, Wayne J.; Reeves, Patrick A. (February 2001). "Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae". American Journal of Botany. 88 (2): 348–361. doi:10.2307/2657024. JSTOR 2657024. PMID 11222255.
- ^ Oxelman, Bengt; Kornhall, Per; Olmstead, Richard G.; Bremer, Birgitta (May 2005). "Further disintegration of Scrophulariaceae". Taxon. 54 (2): 411–425. doi:10.2307/25065369. ISSN 0040-0262. JSTOR 25065369.
- ^ Freeman, Craig C. (2021). "Penstemon Schmidel". Flora of North America. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
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