Perchloric acid

Perchloric acid
Perchloric acid; Hydroxidotrioxidochlorine	Perchloric acid; ydroxidotrioxidochlorine
Names
	Systematic IUPAC name Perchloric acid
	Other names Hyperchloric acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	7601-90-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:29221 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1161634 ;
ChemSpider	22669 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.648
EC Number	231-512-4;
PubChem CID	24247;
RTECS number	SC7500000;
UNII	V561V90BG2 ;
UN number	1873
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8047004 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/ClHO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5) Key: VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/ClHO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5) Key: VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYAD;
	SMILES O[Cl+3]([O-])([O-])[O-];
Properties
Chemical formula	HClO4
Molar mass	100.46 g/mol
Appearance	colorless liquid
Odor	odorless
Density	1.768 g/cm3
Melting point	−17 °C (1 °F; 256 K) (72% aqueous solution); −112 °C (anhydrous)
Boiling point	203 °C (397 °F; 476 K) (azeotrope)
Solubility in water	Miscible
Acidity (pKa)	−15.2 (±2.0); ≈ −10
Conjugate base	Perchlorate
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Powerful oxidizer, highly corrosive
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H271, H290, H302, H314, H373
Precautionary statements	P210, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P371, P375, P380
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 0 3 OX
Flash point	Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 1006
Related compounds
Related compounds	Hydrochloric acid; Hypochlorous acid; Chlorous acid; Chloric acid
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula H Cl O₄. Usually found as an aqueous solution, this colorless compound is a stronger acid than sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. It is a powerful oxidizer when hot, but aqueous solutions up to approximately 70% by weight at room temperature are generally safe, only showing strong acid features and no oxidizing properties. Perchloric acid is useful for preparing perchlorate salts, especially ammonium perchlorate, an important rocket fuel component. Perchloric acid is dangerously corrosive and readily forms potentially explosive mixtures.^[4]

^ Fomon, S. (1920). Medicine and the Allied Sciences. D. Appleton. p. 148.
^ ^a ^b "Safety (MSDS) data for perchloric acid, 70%". msds.chem.ox.ac.uk. 2 July 2008. Archived from the original on 2 July 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
^ Trummal, Aleksander; Lipping, Lauri; Kaljurand, Ivari; Koppel, Ilmar A.; Leito, Ivo (6 May 2016). "Acidity of Strong Acids in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 120 (20). American Chemical Society (ACS): 3663–3669. Bibcode:2016JPCA..120.3663T. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02253. ISSN 1089-5639. PMID 27115918. S2CID 29697201.
^ "Perchloric Acid | Environmental Health & Safety | Michigan State University". ehs.msu.edu. Retrieved 2023-11-02.

[Fomon-1] Fomon, S. (1920). Medicine and the Allied Sciences. D. Appleton. p. 148.

[msds2008-2] "Safety (MSDS) data for perchloric acid, 70%". msds.chem.ox.ac.uk. 2 July 2008. Archived from the original on 2 July 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2022.

[Trummal-3] Trummal, Aleksander; Lipping, Lauri; Kaljurand, Ivari; Koppel, Ilmar A.; Leito, Ivo (6 May 2016). "Acidity of Strong Acids in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 120 (20). American Chemical Society (ACS): 3663–3669. Bibcode:2016JPCA..120.3663T. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02253. ISSN 1089-5639. PMID 27115918. S2CID 29697201.

[4] "Perchloric Acid | Environmental Health & Safety | Michigan State University". ehs.msu.edu. Retrieved 2023-11-02.

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