Perfect fluid

In physics, a perfect fluid or ideal fluid is a fluid that can be completely characterized by its rest frame mass density $\rho _{m}$ and isotropic pressure ⁠ $p$ ⁠.^[1] Real fluids are viscous ("sticky") and contain (and conduct) heat. Perfect fluids are idealized models in which these possibilities are ignored. Specifically, perfect fluids have no shear stresses, viscosity, or heat conduction.^[1] A quark–gluon plasma^[2] and graphene are examples of nearly perfect fluids that could be studied in a laboratory.^[3]

^ ^a ^b de Boer, Jan; Hartong, Jelle; Obers, Niels; Sybesma, Waste; Vandoren, Stefan (2018-07-17). "Perfect fluids". SciPost Physics. 5 (1): 003. arXiv:1710.04708. Bibcode:2018ScPP....5....3D. doi:10.21468/SciPostPhys.5.1.003. ISSN 2542-4653.
^ WA Zajc (2008). "The fluid nature of quark–gluon plasma". Nuclear Physics A. 805 (1–4): 283c – 294c. arXiv:0802.3552. Bibcode:2008NuPhA.805..283Z. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.02.285. S2CID 119273920.
^ Müller, Markus (2009). "Graphene: A Nearly Perfect Fluid". Physical Review Letters. 103 (2): 025301. arXiv:0903.4178. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.103b5301M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.025301.

[deBoer-2018-1] Boer, Jan; Hartong, Jelle; Obers, Niels; Sybesma, Waste; Vandoren, Stefan (2018-07-17). "Perfect fluids". SciPost Physics. 5 (1): 003. arXiv:1710.04708. Bibcode:2018ScPP....5....3D. doi:10.21468/SciPostPhys.5.1.003. ISSN 2542-4653.

[2] WA Zajc (2008). "The fluid nature of quark–gluon plasma". Nuclear Physics A. 805 (1–4): 283c – 294c. arXiv:0802.3552. Bibcode:2008NuPhA.805..283Z. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.02.285. S2CID 119273920.

[3] Müller, Markus (2009). "Graphene: A Nearly Perfect Fluid". Physical Review Letters. 103 (2): 025301. arXiv:0903.4178. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.103b5301M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.025301.

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