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Peri-urban agriculture

Example of peri-urban farmland with new suburban developments in the vicinity, Bonnyrigg, Scotland. Much of this peri-urban land is in the process of conversion from agriculture to livery.[1]

Peri-urban regions can be defined as 'superficial' rural areas that are within the orbit of immediate urban hubs, in other words, areas that surround large population centers.[2] These regions can also be referred to as 'exurban areas', 'the rural-urban fringe' or the 'fringe', they include the transition zones between the outer limits of the commuter belt and the edge of newly constructed suburban areas.[3]

Peri-urban agriculture is generally defined as agriculture undertaken in places on the fringes of urban areas. However, peri-urban agriculture can be described differently depending on the myriad of urban-rural relationships, and the different farming systems within the various cities and contrasting regions around the world.[4] For instance, the focus of peri-urban agriculture in developing countries is primarily concentrated on the relief of hunger and poverty, hence, food security,[5] as for industrialized countries the emphasis is on ecological and social values.[6] There is no universally agreed definition, and usage of the term generally depends on context and operational variables.[7] The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations defines peri-urban agriculture as "agriculture practices within and around cities which compete for resources (land, water, energy, labour) that could also serve other purposes to satisfy the requirements of the urban population."[8]

The term “peri-urban” used to describe agriculture, while difficult to define in terms of geography, population density, percentage of labor force in agriculture, or any other variable, often serves the purpose of indicating areas along the urban-rural continuum. These are places with dynamic landscape and social change and are often invoked in conversations about growth of cities.

Peri-urban agriculture is first and foremost "the production and distribution of food, fiber and fuel in and around cities".[9] Nevertheless the leading "feature of urban and [peri-urban] agriculture which distinguishes it from rural agriculture is its integration into the urban economic and ecological system"[10]

  1. ^ "Geograph:: Urban fringe "agriculture" © Richard Webb".
  2. ^ Houston, Peter (June 2005). "Re-valuing the Fringe: Some Findings on the Value of Agricultural Production in Australia's Peri-Urban Regions". Geographical Research. 43 (2): 209–223. doi:10.1111/j.1745-5871.2005.00314.x. ISSN 1745-5863.
  3. ^ Bogdanowicz, Wiesław (1992-10-03). "Mammals of Australia. Book review. D. W. Walton, B. J. Richardson (Eds.), 1989: Fauna of Australia. Mammalia. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service. 401-1227 pp". Acta Theriologica. 37: 102. doi:10.4098/at.arch.92-11. ISSN 0001-7051.
  4. ^ Ellis, Frank; Sumberg, James (February 1998). "Food production, urban areas and policy responses". World Development. 26 (2): 213–225. doi:10.1016/s0305-750x(97)10042-0. ISSN 0305-750X.
  5. ^ Lee-Smith, Diana (October 2010). "Cities feeding people: an update on urban agriculture in equatorial Africa". Environment and Urbanization. 22 (2): 483–499. doi:10.1177/0956247810377383. ISSN 0956-2478. S2CID 55201655.
  6. ^ Holland, Leigh (June 2004). "Diversity and connections in community gardens: a contribution to local sustainability". Local Environment. 9 (3): 285–305. doi:10.1080/1354983042000219388. ISSN 1354-9839. S2CID 154611489.
  7. ^ D.L. Iaquinta and A.W. Drescher, "Defining the Peri-Urban: Rural-Urban Linkages and Institutional Connections" Food and Agriculture Organization
  8. ^ "URBAN AND PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE" Food and Agriculture Organization, 2015
  9. ^ Zasada, Ingo (October 2011). "Multifunctional peri-urban agriculture—A review of societal demands and the provision of goods and services by farming". Land Use Policy. 28 (4): 639–648. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.01.008. ISSN 0264-8377.
  10. ^ Mougeot, Luc J.A. (2000). "Urban agriculture: Definition, presence, potentials and risks.". Growing Cities, Growing Food: Urban Agriculture on the Policy Agenda. Feldafing, Germany: German Foundation for International Development. p. 10.

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