Persecution of Hazaras

Dozens of women from the Hazara community of Afghanistan protested after a suicide bombing in September 2022, occurred in an educational center that killed more than 52 young women.

The Hazaras have long been the subjects of persecution in Afghanistan. The Hazaras are mostly from Afghanistan, primarily from the central regions of Afghanistan, known as Hazarajat. Significant communities of Hazara people also live in Quetta, Pakistan and in Mashad, Iran, as part of the Hazara and Afghan diasporas.

map of Kabul province and its surroundings showing the boundaries of the different Hazara tribes in 1893. Between 1888-1893, according to historical evidence, nearly 60% of the Hazaras were massacred and their land seized by the Pashtuns. Today,Uruzgan province and many areas that were inhabited by Hazaras until 1893 are now mostly inhabited by Pashtuns.

During the reign of Amir Abdur Rahman (1880–1901), millions of Hazaras were massacred, expelled, and displaced.[1] half the population of Hazarajat were killed or fled to neighboring regions of Balochistan in British India[2] and Khorasan in Iran.[1] This led to Pashtuns and other groups occupying parts of Hazarajat. The Hazara people have also been the victims of massacres committed by the Taliban and al-Qaeda.

Conditions improved for the Hazaras in Afghanistan during the post-Taliban era. However, Hazaras who lived in the southern provinces of Afghanistan continued to face unofficial discrimination at the hands of Pashtuns.[3]

Today (2021–present) due to widespread ethnic discrimination[4][5][6] religious persecution[7][8] organized attacks by terrorist groups[9][10]harassment and arbitrary arrest of Hazara women and girls under various reasons[11][12] Kidnapping, rape and torture of hazara girls and women in prison[13][14] seizures of Hazara lands and homes[15][16][17]Imposing deliberate economic restrictions and creating deliberate economic backwardness of Hazara regions[18][19][20]Seizing agricultural fields, and forcing Hazara farmers to migrate or flee from Afghanistan[21][22]Occupying pastures of Hazara areas by pashtun nomads and Taliban supporters[23][24] and numerous cases of human rights violations against Hazaras have caused many Hazaras to be displaced and gradually forced to flee Afghanistan[25][26][27][28]

  1. ^ a b Alessandro Monsutti (December 15, 2003). "HAZĀRA ii. HISTORY". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
  2. ^ "Who are the Hazara". Pak Tribune. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
  3. ^ "Afghanistan: Information on situation of Hazaras in post-Taliban Afghanistan". Refworld. April 4, 2003.
  4. ^ "Hazaras in Afghanistan". Minority Rights Group. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  5. ^ "Hazaras and Shias: Violence, Discrimination, and Exclusion Under the Taliban". www.jurist.org. May 14, 2024. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  6. ^ "The Plight of Hazaras Under the Taliban Government". thediplomat.com. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  7. ^ "Hazaras (Afghanistan and Pakistan) - Hansard - UK Parliament".
  8. ^ "Afghanistan: ISIS Group Targets Religious Minorities | Human Rights Watch". September 6, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  9. ^ "Deliberate Attacks On Civilians And Hazaras Are War Crimes, Says HRW". Afghanistan International. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  10. ^ "Afghanistan: ISIS Group Targets Religious Minorities | Human Rights Watch". September 6, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
  11. ^ Taj, Zareen (April 10, 2024). "Taliban Gender Apartheid: Genocide of Hazara Women". genocidewatch. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  12. ^ Times, Zan (January 22, 2024). "'I was arrested for the crime of being a Hazara and a woman': The Taliban's 'bad hijab' campaign targets Hazara women". Zan Times. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  13. ^ "one-experience-two-perspectives-inside-the-lives-of-women-in-talibans-detention-centers-in-kabul".
  14. ^ Manish, Abdul Wahed (September 18, 2023). "The Taliban Abducted a Hazara Girl from Islamic Darul Uloom for Forced Marriage". Voice of Citizen News. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  15. ^ "land-seizure-taliban-declare-hazara-neighborhood-property-documents-invalid-in-ghazni-province/".
  16. ^ rmasumi1 (October 13, 2023). "Taliban Confiscate Hazara Land". genocidewatch. Retrieved June 12, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ "Afghanistan: Taliban Forcibly Evict Minority Shia | Human Rights Watch". October 22, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
  18. ^ "#6: Life under the Taliban". www.vidc.org. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  19. ^ Iltaf, Maisam (January 23, 2024). "Taliban's Disruption of Aid Programs Push Hazaras To the Brink". KabulNow. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  20. ^ "Unfair Distribution of Humanitarian Aid in Afghanistan". Bamyan Foundation. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  21. ^ Qazi, Shereena. "Why are Hazaras being evicted from their homes in Afghanistan's Daikundi?". Why are Hazaras being evicted from their homes in Afghanistan's Daikundi?. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
  22. ^ "the-massacre-of-hazaras-in-oruzgan-ethnic-prejudice-and-land-grab-politics/".
  23. ^ "Law of the Gun". KabulNow. January 23, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
  24. ^ "kuchi-land-grabbers-speed-up-construction-works-on-hazara-settlements-in-ghaznis-jaghatu-district/".
  25. ^ "Opinion: The gradual genocide of Hazara in Afghanistan". www.massey.ac.nz. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  26. ^ "Between a rock and a hard place: The Hazaras in Afghanistan". orfonline.org. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  27. ^ "Who are the Hazaras and what are they escaping By Reuters".
  28. ^ Baloch, Shah Meer (August 29, 2021). "Hazara Shias flee Afghanistan fearing Taliban persecution". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 12, 2024.

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