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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Phenol[1] | |||
Systematic IUPAC name
Benzenol | |||
Other names
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Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
DrugBank | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.303 | ||
KEGG | |||
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 2821 (solution) 2312 (molten) 1671 (solid) | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
C6H6O | |||
Molar mass | 94.113 g/mol | ||
Appearance | Transparent crystalline solid | ||
Odor | Sweet and tarry | ||
Density | 1.07 g/cm3 | ||
Melting point | 40.5 °C (104.9 °F; 313.6 K) | ||
Boiling point | 181.7 °C (359.1 °F; 454.8 K) | ||
8.3 g/100 mL (20 °C) | |||
log P | 1.48[2] | ||
Vapor pressure | 0.4 mmHg (20 °C)[3] | ||
Acidity (pKa) |
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Conjugate base | Phenoxide | ||
UV-vis (λmax) | 270.75 nm[5] | ||
1.224 D | |||
Pharmacology | |||
C05BB05 (WHO) D08AE03 (WHO), N01BX03 (WHO), R02AA19 (WHO) | |||
Hazards | |||
GHS labelling: | |||
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Danger | |||
H301, H311, H314, H331, H341, H373[6] | |||
P261, P280, P301+P310, P305+P351+P338, P310[6] | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | 79 °C (174 °F; 352 K) | ||
Explosive limits | 1.8–8.6%[3] | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
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LDLo (lowest published)
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LC50 (median concentration)
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NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 5 ppm (19 mg/m3) [skin][3] | ||
REL (Recommended)
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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250 ppm[3] | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | [1] | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.[5] It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns.[5]
Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 million tonnes a year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds.[8] It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, explosives, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.[9]
Only one name is retained, phenol, for C6H5-OH, both as a preferred name and for general nomenclature.
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