Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike

Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike
Lancaster Avenue
Route information
Maintained by PennDOT
Length	73.33 mi[1] (118.01 km) Route to Columbia included (10.86 mi)
Existed	1792 (first used 1795)–present
Component highways	Lincoln Highway from Columbia to Lower Merion PA 462 from Columbia to Lancaster PA 23 in Lancaster US 30 from Lancaster to Sadsbury Township US 30 Bus. from Sadsbury Township to Frazer US 30 from Frazer to Philadelphia • SR 3012 and SR 3005 in Philadelphia • Lancaster Walk (a pedestrian walkway) in Drexel University campus between 34th and 32nd Streets • Lancaster Avenue between 32nd and Market Streets
Major junctions
West end	PA 462 in Columbia
East end	34th Street in Philadelphia PA 3 (at small stub between Market Street and 32nd Street)
Location
Country	United States
State	Pennsylvania
Counties	Lancaster, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, Philadelphia
Highway system
Pennsylvania State Route System Interstate US State Scenic Legislative
Pennsylvania Historical Marker
Designated	November 20, 1999[2]

The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike, first used in 1795, is the first long-distance paved road built in the United States, according to engineered plans and specifications.^[3] It links Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia at 34th Street, stretching for sixty-two miles. It was later extended by the Lancaster and Susquehanna Turnpike to the Susquehanna River in Columbia.^[4] The route is designated Pennsylvania Route 462 from the western terminus to US 30, where that route takes over for the majority of the route. The US 30 designation ends at Girard Avenue in the Parkside neighborhood of Philadelphia, where State Route 3012 takes it from there to Belmont Avenue. At Belmont Avenue, State Route 3005 gets the designation from Belmont Avenue until the current terminus at 34th Street. Historically, Lancaster Pike terminated at Market Street before Drexel University took over the stretch between 32nd and 34th Streets.^[5]

It was the first turnpike of importance, and because the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania could not afford to pay for its construction, it was privately built by the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Road Company, making it an early example of a public-private partnership for American infrastructure.^[6][7] Credited as the country's first engineered road, its ground was broken in 1792.^[8] By the 1840s, the use of railroads and canals dealt a serious blow to the companies who specialized in the manufacture of wagons and coaches. During the next fifty years, the road suffered from lack of use and maintenance, but later saw recovery with the invention of the automobile.

In 1876, the parallel Pennsylvania Railroad bought the turnpike from 52nd Street in Philadelphia west to Paoli for $20,000 (equal to $572,250 today) to prevent competing streetcar companies from building along it. In 1913, the turnpike became part of the transcontinental Lincoln Highway, and tolls continued to be collected until 1917, when the State Highway Department bought it for $165,000, equal to $3,924,000 today.^[9] In 1926 it was designated as part of U.S. Route 30 along with the rest of the original United States Numbered Highways.