Philippe Buonarroti

Philippe Buonarroti
Portrait of Filippo Buonarotti, 1830, Philippe-Auguste Jeanron
Born	Filippo Giuseppe Maria Ludovico Buonarroti (1761-11-11)11 November 1761 Pisa, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Died	16 September 1837(1837-09-16) (aged 75) Paris, Kingdom of France
Occupation	Writer, philosopher, conspirator
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Filippo Giuseppe Maria Ludovico Buonarroti (11 November 1761 – 16 September 1837), more usually referred to by the French version Philippe Buonarroti, was an Italian-French utopian socialist, writer, agitator, freemason, and conspirator. He was active in Corsica, France, and Geneva. His History of Babeuf’s Conspiracy of Equals (1828) became a quintessential text for revolutionaries, inspiring such socialists as Louis Auguste Blanqui and Karl Marx. He proposed a mutualist strategy that would revolutionize society by stages, starting from monarchy to liberalism, then to radicalism, and finally to communism.