Pia mater

Pia mater
Pia mater
	Diagrammatic transverse section of the spinal cord and its membranes. (At border, dura mater is black line, arachnoid mater is blue line, and pia mater is red line.)
	The spinal cord and its membranes
Identifiers
MeSH	D010841
TA98	A14.1.01.301
TA2	5405
FMA	9590
	Anatomical terminology

Pia mater (/ˈpaɪ.ə ˈmeɪtər/ or /ˈpiːə ˈmɑːtər/),^[1] often referred to as simply the pia, is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Pia mater is medieval Latin meaning "tender mother".^[1] The other two meningeal membranes are the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. Both the pia and arachnoid mater are derivatives of the neural crest while the dura is derived from embryonic mesoderm. The pia mater is a thin fibrous tissue that is permeable to water and small solutes.^[2]^[3] The pia mater allows blood vessels to pass through and nourish the brain. The perivascular space between blood vessels and pia mater is proposed to be part of a pseudolymphatic system for the brain (glymphatic system).^[3]^[4] When the pia mater becomes irritated and inflamed the result is meningitis.^[5]

^ ^a ^b Entry "pia mater" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, retrieved 2012-07-28.
^ Levin, Emanuel; Sisson, Warden B. (8 June 1972). "The penetration of radiolabeled substances into rabbit brain from subarachnoid space". Brain Research. 41 (1): 145–153. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90622-1. ISSN 0006-8993. PMID 5036032.
^ ^a ^b Hladky, Stephen B.; Barrand, Margery A. (2 December 2014). "Mechanisms of fluid movement into, through and out of the brain: evaluation of the evidence". Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. 11 (1): 26. doi:10.1186/2045-8118-11-26. ISSN 2045-8118. PMC 4326185. PMID 25678956.
^ Jessen, Nadia Aalling; Munk, Anne Sofie Finmann; Lundgaard, Iben; Nedergaard, Maiken (1 December 2015). "The Glymphatic System: A Beginner's Guide". Neurochemical Research. 40 (12): 2583–2599. doi:10.1007/s11064-015-1581-6. ISSN 1573-6903. PMC 4636982. PMID 25947369.
^ Parsons, Thomas. "Meninges". McGraw-Hill Companies 2008. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2011.

[merriam-webster.com-1] Entry "pia mater" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, retrieved 2012-07-28.

[2] Levin, Emanuel; Sisson, Warden B. (8 June 1972). "The penetration of radiolabeled substances into rabbit brain from subarachnoid space". Brain Research. 41 (1): 145–153. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90622-1. ISSN 0006-8993. PMID 5036032.

[:0-3] Hladky, Stephen B.; Barrand, Margery A. (2 December 2014). "Mechanisms of fluid movement into, through and out of the brain: evaluation of the evidence". Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. 11 (1): 26. doi:10.1186/2045-8118-11-26. ISSN 2045-8118. PMC 4326185. PMID 25678956.

[4] Jessen, Nadia Aalling; Munk, Anne Sofie Finmann; Lundgaard, Iben; Nedergaard, Maiken (1 December 2015). "The Glymphatic System: A Beginner's Guide". Neurochemical Research. 40 (12): 2583–2599. doi:10.1007/s11064-015-1581-6. ISSN 1573-6903. PMC 4636982. PMID 25947369.

[5] Parsons, Thomas. "Meninges". McGraw-Hill Companies 2008. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2011.

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