Back Pleurodira Afrikaans سلاحف جانبية الرقبة Arabic سلاحف جانبية الرقبه ARZ Бакашыйныя чарапахі Byelorussian Бакашыйныя чарапахі BE-X-OLD Страничношийни костенурки Bulgarian Pleurodirs Catalan Halswender-Schildkröten German Pleurodira Spanish Pleurodira Basque
| Pleurodira Temporal range: Late Jurassic to present
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| Eastern long-necked turtle Chelodina longicollis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Clade: | Pan-Pleurodira |
| Suborder: | Pleurodira Cope, 1865[1] |
| Synonyms[2] | |
The Pleurodira are one of the two living suborders of turtles, the other being the Cryptodira. The division between these two suborders represents a very deep evolutionary divide between two very different types of turtles. The physical differences between them, although anatomical and largely internal, are nonetheless significant, and the zoogeographic implications of them are substantial. The Pleurodira are known more commonly as the side-necked turtles and the name Pleurodira quite literally translates to side neck, whereas the Cryptodira are known as hidden-necked turtles.[6] The Pleurodira turtles are currently restricted to freshwater habitats in the Southern Hemisphere, largely to Australia, South America, and Africa. Within the Pleurodira, three living families are represented: Chelidae, also known as the Austro-South American side-necked turtles, the Pelomedusidae, also known as the African mud terrapins, and the Podocnemididae, also known as the American side-neck river turtles.[6][7] However, they were cosmopolitan clade during the Cretaceous and most of the Cenozoic, and even occurred in marine environments around the world.[8][9]
- ^ a b Cope, E. D. (1865). "Third Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 17 (4): 185–198. JSTOR 4624040.
- ^ Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Iverson, John; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Bour, Roger; Rhodin, Anders (2012). "Turtles of the World, 2012 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status". Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises. doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v5.2012. ISBN 978-0965354097.
- ^ Duméril, C.; Baird, Spencer Fullerton; Bibron, Gabriel; Duméril, Auguste Henri André (1834). "Erpétologie générale, ou, Histoire naturelle complète des reptiles / Par A.M.C. Duméril et par G. Bibron". doi:10.5962/bhl.title.45973.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Lichtenstein, Heinrich. (1856). "Nomenclator reptilium et amphibiorum musei zoologici Berolinensis : Namenverzeichnis der in der zoologischen Sammlung der Koeniglichen Universität zu Berlin aufgestellten Arten von Reptilien und Amphibien nach ihren Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen / (Mit Vorrede von H. Lichtenstein)". doi:10.5962/bhl.title.45245.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Cope, E. D. (1864). "On the Limits and Relations of the Raniformes". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 16 (4): 181–183. JSTOR 4623931.
- ^ a b Pritchard, Peter Charles Howard; Trebbau, Pedro (1984). The Turtles of Venezuela. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. p. 403. ISBN 9780916984113.
- ^ Vitt, L. and Caldwell, J. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Academic Press. pp. 523–543.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Gaffney, Eugene S.; Tong, Haiyan; Meylan, Peter A. (2006). "Evolution of the Side-Necked Turtles: The Families Bothremydidae, Euraxemydidae, and Araripemydidae" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 300: 1–698. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)300[1:EOTSTT]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0003-0090. S2CID 85790134.
- ^ Pérez-García, Adán (2016). "A new turtle confirms the presence of Bothremydidae (Pleurodira) in the Cenozoic of Europe and expands the biostratigraphic range of Foxemydina". The Science of Nature. 103 (7–8): 50. Bibcode:2016SciNa.103...50P. doi:10.1007/s00114-016-1375-y. PMID 27262289. S2CID 15652309.
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