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Police ranks are a system of hierarchical relationships in police organisations.[1] The rank system defines authority and responsibility in a police organisation,[2] and affects the culture within the police force.[3] Usually, uniforms denote the bearer's rank by particular insignia affixed to the uniforms.[4][5]
Most of the police forces of the United Kingdom (including those of the British Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies) use a standardised set of ranks. However, as law enforcement in the United Kingdom is organised separately in the three jurisdictions of England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland, and as most law enforcement is carried out by police officers serving in regional police services known as territorial police forces, some variations in rank organisation, insignia and responsibilities may occur within the United Kingdom. An example of this are the slight variations in the most senior ranks of the Metropolitan Police and the City of London Police.[6][7] Parallel to the regional services are UK-wide agencies, such as the British Transport Police and the national specialist units of certain territorial police forces, with a possibility of further variations.
Due to policing in many countries developing from military organisations and operations, police ranks in many countries follow a logic similar to that of military ranks.[5][8][9] Most of the British police ranks that exist today were, however, deliberately chosen by Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel so that they did not correspond with military ranking. They were enacted under the Metropolitan Police Act 1829.
- ^ Cowper, Thomas J. (September 2000). "The Myth of the "Military Model" of Leadership in Law Enforcement" (PDF). Police Quarterly. 3 (3): 228–246. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.184.9816. doi:10.1177/1098611100003003001. S2CID 14276039. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ^ Davis, Claire (December 2018). "Rank Matters: police leadership and the authority of rank". Policing and Society. 30 (4): 446–461. doi:10.1080/10439463.2018.1555250. hdl:2381/43361. S2CID 149678971. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ Loftus, Bethan (2009). "Replaying the Classics". Police Culture in a Changing World. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–20. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199560905.003.0001. ISBN 9780199560905. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
- ^ "Badges of rank". British Transport Police. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ a b Bieler, Sam (21 November 2016). "Police militarization in the USA: the state of the field". Policing. 39 (4): 589. doi:10.1108/PIJPSM-03-2016-0042. ISSN 1363-951X.
- ^ "Badges of Rank". Metropolitan Police Service. Archived from the original on 18 July 2006. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
- ^ "Thames Valley Police: Uniformed police ranks". Archived from the original on 22 November 2007.
- ^ Lioe, Kim Eduard (3 December 2010). Armed Forces in Law Enforcement Operations? - The German and European Perspective (1989 ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 52–57. ISBN 978-3-642-15433-1.
- ^ Emsley, Clive (1999). Gendarmes and the State in Nineteenth-Century Europe (1999 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 52–57. ISBN 978-0198207986.
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