Political status of Taiwan

Taiwan
Taiwan
Traditional Chinese	臺灣問題
Simplified Chinese	台湾问题
Literal meaning	The Taiwan issue
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Táiwān wèntí
Bopomofo	ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢㄨㄣˋ ㄊㄧˊ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh	Tairuan wenntyi
Wade–Giles	T'ai2-wan1 wên4-t'i2
Hakka
Romanization	Thòi-vàn mun-thì
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Tòihwāan mahntàih
Eastern Min
Fuzhou BUC	Dài-uăng ông-dà̤

The political status of Taiwan or the Taiwan issue is an ongoing dispute about Taiwan, currently controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), that arose in the mid-twentieth century. Originally based in Mainland China before and during World War II, the ROC government retreated to Taiwan in 1949 after the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) won the Chinese Civil War and established the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since then, the effective jurisdiction of the ROC has been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and smaller islands.

Upon the surrender of Japan in 1945, Taiwan and Penghu were restored to ROC control pending a post-war peace treaty, as intended by the major Allies of World War II.^[1]^[2] Since 1949 the PRC has also regarded Taiwan as a province and has not ruled out the use of force in the pursuit of unification.^[3] The ROC in its constitution maintains its own claim over the entire Chinese territory including Taiwan and recognizes the CCP no longer as a rebellious group but as the "mainland authorities".^[4] The PRC has officially proposed "one country, two systems" as a model for unification, though this has been rejected by the Taiwanese government.^[5] Within Taiwan, there is major political contention between eventual Chinese unification with a pan-Chinese identity contrasted with formal independence promoting a Taiwanese identity, though moderates supporting the status quo have gained broad appeal in the 21st century.^[6]^[7]

Since 1949 many countries must choose one or the other between the PRC and the ROC with which to establish formal diplomatic relations and shape their respective "One China" policy. Initially excluded from the United Nations in favor of Taipei, Beijing has gained increased recognition as the legitimate government of China. The ROC has formal diplomatic relations with only twelve nations but maintains unofficial bilateral ties and membership in international organizations as a non-state entity.^[8]

^ "MOFA reaffirms ROC sovereignty over Taiwan, Penghu". 5 September 2011.
^ HC Deb 26 July 1950 vol 478 c60W. "Formosa is still de jure Japanese territory and there is no Government of Formosa as such. Following on the surrender of Japan, the Chinese Government of the day assumed, with the consent of the remaining Allies, the provisional administration of the territory pending the final determination of its status at a peace settlement."
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Han Cheung (25 April 2021). "Taiwan in Time: The 'communist rebellion' finally ends". Taipei Times. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2022. ...Most importantly, with the repeal of the temporary provisions, the Chinese Communist Party would no longer be seen as a rebel group. "From now on, we will see the Chinese Communist Party as a political entity that controls the mainland region and we will call them the 'mainland authorities' or the 'Chinese Communist authorities'," President Lee said during the press conference
^ "Taiwan leader rejects China's 'one country, two systems' offer". Reuters. 10 October 2019. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
^ Fell, Dafydd (2006). Party Politics in Taiwan. Routledge. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-134-24021-0.
^ Achen, Christopher H.; Wang, T. Y. (2017). "The Taiwan Voter: An Introduction". In Achen, Christopher H.; Wang, T. Y. (eds.). The Taiwan Voter. University of Michigan Press. pp. 1–25. doi:10.3998/mpub.9375036. ISBN 978-0-472-07353-5. pp. 1–2.
^ Chong, Ja Ian (9 February 2023). "The Many "One Chinas": Multiple Approaches to Taiwan and China". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[1] "MOFA reaffirms ROC sovereignty over Taiwan, Penghu". 5 September 2011.

[2] HC Deb 26 July 1950 vol 478 c60W. "Formosa is still de jure Japanese territory and there is no Government of Formosa as such. Following on the surrender of Japan, the Chinese Government of the day assumed, with the consent of the remaining Allies, the provisional administration of the territory pending the final determination of its status at a peace settlement."

[3] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[4] Han Cheung (25 April 2021). "Taiwan in Time: The 'communist rebellion' finally ends". Taipei Times. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2022. ...Most importantly, with the repeal of the temporary provisions, the Chinese Communist Party would no longer be seen as a rebel group. "From now on, we will see the Chinese Communist Party as a political entity that controls the mainland region and we will call them the 'mainland authorities' or the 'Chinese Communist authorities'," President Lee said during the press conference

[5] "Taiwan leader rejects China's 'one country, two systems' offer". Reuters. 10 October 2019. Archived from the original on 6 October 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.

[6] Fell, Dafydd (2006). Party Politics in Taiwan. Routledge. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-134-24021-0.

[7] Achen, Christopher H.; Wang, T. Y. (2017). "The Taiwan Voter: An Introduction". In Achen, Christopher H.; Wang, T. Y. (eds.). The Taiwan Voter. University of Michigan Press. pp. 1–25. doi:10.3998/mpub.9375036. ISBN 978-0-472-07353-5. pp. 1–2.

[8] Chong, Ja Ian (9 February 2023). "The Many "One Chinas": Multiple Approaches to Taiwan and China". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

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