Politics of Vietnam

Politics of Vietnam Chính trị Việt Nam
Emblem of Vietnam
Polity type	Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic
Constitution	Constitution of Vietnam
Legislative branch
Name	National Assembly
Type	Unicameral
Meeting place	National Assembly Building of Vietnam
Presiding officer	Vương Đình Huệ, Chairman of the National Assembly.
Executive branch
Supreme leader
Title	General Secretary
Currently	Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Appointer	Central Committee
Head of State
Title	President
Currently	Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (acting)
Appointer	National Assembly
Head of Government
Title	Prime Minister
Currently	Phạm Minh Chính
Appointer	National Assembly
Cabinet
Name	Government of Vietnam
Current cabinet	Chính government
Leader	Prime Minister
Deputy leader	First Deputy Prime Minister
Appointer	National Assembly
Headquarters	Presidential Palace
Ministries	18
Judicial branch
Name	Judicial system
Supreme People's Court
Chief judge	Nguyễn Hòa Bình
Supreme People's Procuracy
Chief judge	Lê Minh Trí

Politics of Vietnam
Ideology Concepts Collective leadership Marxism–Leninism Ho Chi Minh Thought Organizations Central Propaganda Department Central Theoretical Council Nhân Dân
Constitution History 1946 1959 1980 1992 2013
Communist Party National Congress (13th) Central Committee (13th) General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng Politburo (13th) Secretariat (13th) Permanent Member Lương Cường Military Commission (2020–25) Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng Deputy Secretary Phan Văn Giang Inspection Commission (13th) Chairman Trần Cẩm Tú
Legislative National Assembly (14th) Standing Committee Chairman Trần Thanh Mẫn Provincial People's Councils
Presidency President (list) Tô Lâm Vice President Võ Thị Ánh Xuân
Executive Prime Minister (list): Phạm Minh Chính Deputy Prime Ministers: Trần Lưu Quang Trần Hồng Hà Lê Minh Khái Ministries Governor of the State Bank Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs
Fatherland Front Central Committee Chairman: Đỗ Văn Chiến Gen. Secretary: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union Central Committee First Secretary Bùi Quang Huy Vietnam General Confederation of Labour Viet Nam Farmer's Union Vietnam Women’s Union
Military Central Military Commission Secretary: Nguyễn Phú Trọng Deputy Secretary: Phan Văn Giang Commander-in-Chief President: Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (acting) Army Ground Force Navy Air Defense-Air Force Coast Guard Border Guard Public Security Security forces Police forces Civil Defence Force Council for National Defense and Security Chairman: President Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (acting) Vice-chairman: Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính
Judiciary Law National Assembly Justice Committee President Steering Committee of the Central Judicial Reform Director: Nguyễn Phú Trọng Supreme People's Court Chief Justice: Nguyễn Hòa Bình Supreme People's Procuracy Procurator-General: Lê Minh Trí
Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Bùi Thanh Sơn Diplomatic missions of / in Vietnam Passport Visa requirements Visa policy Foreign aid Vietnam and the World Bank
See also Elections Administrative divisions Human rights
Vietnam portal Politics portal Other countries
v t e

The politics of Vietnam is dominated by a single party under an authoritarian system, the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV). The President of Vietnam is the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Vietnam is the head of government, both of these are separate from the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam who leads the CPV and is head of the Politburo and the Central Military Commission, thus the General Secretary is the de facto supreme leader of Vietnam.^[1] Executive power is exercised by the government and the President of Vietnam. Legislative power is vested in the National Assembly of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Quốc hội Việt Nam). The Judiciary is independent of the executive. The parliament adopted the current Constitution of Vietnam, its fifth, on 28 November 2013.

The Vietnamese political system is authoritarian, with the freedom of assembly, association, expression, press and religion as well as civil society activism being tightly restricted.^[2] There are no freely elected national leaders, political opposition is suppressed, all religious activity is controlled by the CPV, dissent is not permitted, and civil rights are curtailed. Elections in Vietnam occur under a single-party authoritarian political system. Vietnam is among the few contemporary party-led dictatorships to not hold any direct multiparty elections at the national level. The competitive nature of the elections is highly constrained by the Communist Party's monopoly on power in Vietnam, limitations on free speech, and government interference with the elections.^[3]

The National Assembly is a rubber stamp unicameral legislative body. The National Assembly has 500 members, indirectly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. The legislature is, according to the constitution, the highest organ of the state. Its powers includes the enactment and amendment of the constitution and laws; the adoption of the government budget; supervising the Government of Vietnam and other holders of public powers responsible to the National Assembly; and appointing members of the judiciary. The Vietnamese constitution and legislation de jure provides for regular elections for the office of the President of the Socialist Republic, the National Assembly and the People's Councils.

The President (Chủ tịch nước) is elected by National Assembly for a five-year term and acts as the de jure commander-in-chief of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces and Chairman of the Council for Defence and Security. However, the president has the right to decide on executive brands. The government (Chính phủ), the main executive state power of Vietnam, is headed by the Prime Minister, who has several Deputy Prime Ministers and several ministers in charge of particular activities. The executive branch is responsible for the implementation of political, economic, cultural, social, national defence, security and external activities of the state.

Vietnam has a judicial system governed by the Constitution of Vietnam and national legislation enacted by National Assembly. The Supreme People's Court (Tòa án Nhân dân Tối cao) is the highest court of appeal in Vietnam. There are other specialised courts in Vietnam, including the Central Military Court, the Criminal Court, the Civil Court and the Appeal Court. The Supreme People's Procuracy observes the implementation of state organs and makes sure that Vietnamese citizens follow the law.^[4]