Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago

Portuguese rule in Insulindia[a]
c. 1522–1605
Flag Coat of Arms
Map of the Portuguese empire in the East Indies (including the Indonesian Archipelago), Atlas Miller.
Status	Settlement and possessions of the Portuguese Empire
Capital	São João Baptista de Ternate in Ternate (1523–1575) Nossa Senhora de Anunciada in Amboina, Moluccas (1575–1605)
Common languages	Portuguese, Malay, Ternate, Tidore, Other indigenous language.
Government	Monarchy
Monarch
• 1522–1557	John III
• 1598–1605	Philip II
Captain-General
• 1522–1525 (first)	Antonio de Brito
• 1602–1605 (last)	Pedro Alvares de Abreu
Historical era	Early modern
• Established	c. 1522
• Treaty of Zaragoza	22 April 1529
• Defeat and fall	22 February 1605
Succeeded by Dutch East India Company

Portuguese colonization era
1512–1605
Map from 1519 showing the islands of North Maluku, with the Portuguese banner planted.
Location	Malay Archipelago, East Indies
Including	Portuguese–Ternate wars
Leader(s)	Alfonso de Albuquerque António de Abreu Francisco Serrão
Key events	Age of Discovery
Chronology Era of Islam Dutch East India Company Portuguese Timor

The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a colonial presence in the Indonesian Archipelago. Their quest to dominate the source of the spices that sustained the lucrative spice trade in the early 16th century, along with missionary efforts by Roman Catholic orders, saw the establishment of trading posts and forts, and left behind a Portuguese cultural element that remains in modern-day Indonesia.
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