Praziquantel

Praziquantel
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/ˌpræzɪˈkwɒntɛl/
Trade names	Biltricide
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a608048
License data	US DailyMed: Praziquantel;
Pregnancy; category	AU: B1; ;
Routes of; administration	Human use: by mouth (tablets)
ATC code	P02BA01 (WHO) QP52AA01 (WHO) QP52AA51 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	CA: ℞-only; US: ℞-only (human use),; OTC (veterinary use);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Relatively small
Metabolism	Liver
Elimination half-life	0.8–1.5 hours (main metabolites: 4–5 hours)
Excretion	Kidney (mainly)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (RS)-2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one;
CAS Number	55268-74-1 ;
PubChem CID	4891;
DrugBank	DB01058 ;
ChemSpider	4722 ;
UNII	6490C9U457;
KEGG	D00471 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL976 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9021182 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.054.126
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C19H24N2O2
Molar mass	312.413 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	136 to 138 °C (277 to 280 °F)
	SMILES O=C4N2C(c1c(cccc1)CC2)CN(C(=O)C3CCCCC3)C4;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H24N2O2/c22-18-13-20(19(23)15-7-2-1-3-8-15)12-17-16-9-5-4-6-14(16)10-11-21(17)18/h4-6,9,15,17H,1-3,7-8,10-13H2 ; Key:FSVJFNAIGNNGKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Praziquantel (PZQ), sold under the brandname Biltricide among others, is a medication used to treat a number of types of parasitic worm infections in mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish.^[3] In humans specifically, it is used to treat schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, tapeworm infections, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, paragonimiasis, fasciolopsiasis, and fasciolosis.^[3] It should not be used for worm infections of the eye.^[4] It is taken by mouth.^[3]

Side effects in humans may include poor coordination, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, and allergic reactions.^[4] While it may be used during pregnancy, it is not recommended for use during breastfeeding.^[4] Praziquantel is in the anthelmintic class of medications.^[3] It works partly by affecting the function of the worm's sucker.^[3]

Praziquantel was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982.^[3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[5]

^ "Product monograph brand safety updates". Health Canada. February 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
^ "Farnam Pet Press Release. TRUSTED D-WORM offers product for tapeworm management". Farnam Companies, Inc. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Praziquantel". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 88, 593. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[1] "Product monograph brand safety updates". Health Canada. February 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.

[2] "Farnam Pet Press Release. TRUSTED D-WORM offers product for tapeworm management". Farnam Companies, Inc. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 3 October 2016.

[AHFS2016-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Praziquantel". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[WHO2008-4] World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 88, 593. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.

[WHO21st-5] World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]