Presidency of Thomas Jefferson

Presidency of Thomas Jefferson March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809
Cabinet	See list
Party	Democratic-Republican
Election	1800 1804
Seat	White House
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This article is part of a series about Thomas Jefferson
Early life and political career Early life and career Declaration of Independence Committee of Five Notes on the State of Virginia Minister to France Secretary of State First Party System 1796 election Vice presidency Personal life 3rd President of the United States Presidency First term 1800 election 1st inauguration Jeffersonian democracy Fiscal policy Twelfth Amendment Military Peace Establishment Act Yazoo land scandal Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Expedition First Barbary War Burr–Hamilton duel Second term 1804 election 2nd inauguration Burr conspiracy Florida and Haiti Native American relations Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves Red River Expedition Pike Expedition Chesapeake–Leopard affair Embargo Act Judicial appointments Post-presidency Education University of Virginia Autobiography Death Legacy Legacy cultural depictions Memorials Monticello Democratic-Republican Party Religious views Views on education Views on slavery Jefferson–Hemings controversy Bibliography
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Thomas Jefferson served as the third president of the United States from March 4, 1801, to March 4, 1809. Jefferson assumed the office after defeating incumbent John Adams in the 1800 presidential election. The election was a political realignment in which the Democratic-Republican Party swept the Federalist Party out of power, ushering in a generation of Jeffersonian Republican dominance in American politics. After serving two terms, Jefferson was succeeded by Secretary of State James Madison, also of the Democratic-Republican Party.

Jefferson took office determined to roll back the Federalist program of the 1790s. His administration reduced taxes, government spending, and the national debt, and repealed the Alien and Sedition Acts. In foreign affairs, the major developments were the acquisition of the gigantic Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803, an embargo against trade with both Great Britain and France, and worsening relations with Britain as the United States tried to remain neutral in the midst of the Napoleonic Wars that engulfed Europe. He established a military academy, used the Navy to protect merchant ships from Barbary pirates in North Africa, and developed a plan to protect U.S. ports from foreign invasion by the use of small gunboats (a plan that proved useless when war came in 1812). He also authorized the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest.

During his second term, Jefferson's attention was focused on the trial of then former Vice President Aaron Burr for treason, which resulted in an acquittal, and on the issue of slavery, specifically the importation of slaves from abroad. In 1806, he denounced the international slave trade as a "violation of human rights" and called upon Congress to criminalize it. Congress responded by approving the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves the following year. Rising tensions between the United States and Britain dominated the final years of Jefferson's second term, as the Royal Navy began impressing sailors from American ships and attacking American shipping. Jefferson rejected war and instead used economic threats and embargoes that ultimately hurt the U.S. more than Britain. The disputes with Britain continued after Jefferson left office, eventually leading to the War of 1812.

Despite the economic and political troubles caused by naval tensions with Britain, Jefferson was succeeded by his preferred successor in the form of James Madison. His legacy remained highly influential until the American Civil War, but his reputation has ebbed and flowed since then. Nonetheless, in surveys of academic historians and political scientists, Jefferson is consistently ranked as one of the nation's most esteemed presidents.