Prochlorperazine

Prochlorperazine
Clinical data
Trade names	Compazine, Stemetil, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682116
License data	US DailyMed: Prochlorperazine;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C; ;
Routes of; administration	Oral administration, rectal administration, intramuscular injection, intravenous injection (IV)
Drug class	Typical antipsychotic
ATC code	N05AB04 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) / S3; BR: Class C1 (Other controlled substances); UK: POM (Prescription only) / P; US: WARNINGRx-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Unknown, but presumed substantial
Protein binding	91–99%
Metabolism	Mainly Liver (CYP2D6 and/or CYP3A4)
Elimination half-life	4–8 hours, differs with the method of administration
Excretion	Bile duct, (colored) inactive metabolites in urine
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 2-chloro-10-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]-10H-phenothiazine;
CAS Number	58-38-8 ;
PubChem CID	4917;
IUPHAR/BPS	7279;
DrugBank	DB00433 ;
ChemSpider	4748 ;
UNII	YHP6YLT61T;
KEGG	D00493 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:8435 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL728 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7023514 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.345
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C20H24ClN3S
Molar mass	373.94 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES Clc2cc1N(c3c(Sc1cc2)cccc3)CCCN4CCN(C)CC4;
	InChI InChI=1S/C20H24ClN3S/c1-22-11-13-23(14-12-22)9-4-10-24-17-5-2-3-6-19(17)25-20-8-7-16(21)15-18(20)24/h2-3,5-8,15H,4,9-14H2,1H3 ; Key:WIKYUJGCLQQFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Prochlorperazine, formerly^[5] sold under the brand name Compazine among others, is a medication used to treat nausea, migraines, schizophrenia, psychosis and anxiety.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] It is a less preferred medication for anxiety.^[6] It may be taken by mouth, rectally, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle.^[6]

Common side effects include sleepiness, blurry vision, low blood pressure, and dizziness.^[6] Serious side effects may include movement disorders including tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.^[6] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally not recommended.^[10] It is a typical antipsychotic which is believed to work by reducing the action of dopamine in the brain.^[6]

Prochlorperazine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1956.^[6] It is available as a generic medication.^[7] In 2020, it was the 355th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 600 thousand prescriptions.^[11]^[12]

^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
^ "Prochlorperazine 3 mg Buccal Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 9 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
^ "Buccastem M Buccal Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 9 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
^ "Side Effects of Compazine (Prochlorperazine), Warnings, Uses". RX List. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Prochlorperazine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
^ ^a ^b British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 385–386. ISBN 9780857113382.
^ Orr SL, Friedman BW, Christie S, Minen MT, Bamford C, Kelley NE, Tepper D (June 2016). "Management of Adults With Acute Migraine in the Emergency Department: The American Headache Society Evidence Assessment of Parenteral Pharmacotherapies". Headache. 56 (6): 911–940. doi:10.1111/head.12835. PMID 27300483.
^ Din L, Preuss CV (March 2022). "Prochlorperazine". StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30725768.
^ "Prochlorperazine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
^ "Prochlorperazine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 7 October 2022.

[FDA-AllBoxedWarnings-1] "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.

[2] Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.

[3] "Prochlorperazine 3 mg Buccal Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 9 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2022.

[4] "Buccastem M Buccal Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 9 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2022.

[5] "Side Effects of Compazine (Prochlorperazine), Warnings, Uses". RX List. Retrieved 14 April 2021.

[AHFS2019-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Prochlorperazine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 3 March 2019.

[BNF76-7] British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 385–386. ISBN 9780857113382.

[AHS2016-8] Orr SL, Friedman BW, Christie S, Minen MT, Bamford C, Kelley NE, Tepper D (June 2016). "Management of Adults With Acute Migraine in the Emergency Department: The American Headache Society Evidence Assessment of Parenteral Pharmacotherapies". Headache. 56 (6): 911–940. doi:10.1111/head.12835. PMID 27300483.

[pmid30725768-9] Din L, Preuss CV (March 2022). "Prochlorperazine". StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30725768.

[Preg2019-10] "Prochlorperazine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 3 March 2019.

[11] "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 7 October 2022.

[12] "Prochlorperazine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 7 October 2022.

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