Protest policing

Protest policing or public order policing is part of a state’s response to political dissent and social movements. Police maintenance of public order during protest is an essential component of liberal democracy, with military response to protest being more common under authoritarian regimes.^[1]

Australasian, European, and North American democratic states have all experienced increased surveillance of protest movements and more militarized protest policing since 1995 and through the first decades of the 21st century.^[2]^[3]

Criminalization of dissent is legislation or law enforcement that penalizes political dissent. It may also be accomplished through media that controls public discourse to delegitimize critics of the state. Study of protest criminalization places protest policing in a broader framework of criminology and sociology of law.^[2]

^ Porta, Donatella Della; Reiter, Herbert Reiter. Policing Protest: The Control of Mass Demonstrations in Western Democracies. U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-4529-0333-0.
^ ^a ^b Selmini, Rossella; Di Ronco, Anna (November 2023). "The Criminalization of Dissent and Protest". Crime and Justice. 52: 197–231. doi:10.1086/727553. hdl:11585/958859. ISSN 0192-3234.
^ Wood, Lesley J. (2014). Crisis and control: the militarization of protest policing. Toronto: Between the Lines. ISBN 978-0-7453-3388-5.

[:0-1] Porta, Donatella Della; Reiter, Herbert Reiter. Policing Protest: The Control of Mass Demonstrations in Western Democracies. U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-4529-0333-0.

[:1-2] Selmini, Rossella; Di Ronco, Anna (November 2023). "The Criminalization of Dissent and Protest". Crime and Justice. 52: 197–231. doi:10.1086/727553. hdl:11585/958859. ISSN 0192-3234.

[:3-3] Wood, Lesley J. (2014). Crisis and control: the militarization of protest policing. Toronto: Between the Lines. ISBN 978-0-7453-3388-5.

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