| Founded | 1986 |
|---|---|
| Founding location | Long Beach, California, United States[1] |
| Years active | 1986–present |
| Territory | Active primarily in Orange County and the Inland Empire, with a smaller presence in San Diego and Los Angeles counties[2] |
| Ethnicity | White American[2] |
| Membership (est.) | 400–500[3] |
| Activities | Drug trafficking, murder, assault, auto theft, burglary and property crime[3] |
| Allies | Aryan Brotherhood[4] Nazi Lowriders[4] |
Public Enemy No. 1 (abbreviated as PEN1; pronounced /ˈpiːnaɪ/), also known as PENI Death Squad (or PDS), is a prison and street gang formed in Long Beach, California[1] and now based in Orange County, California.[5][6] In 2004, the California Department of Justice described PEN1 as "one of the most powerful and fastest-growing gangs inside and outside prison",[4] and reported it had about 200 members statewide. The gang's main activities include identity theft, credit card fraud, and methamphetamine sales.[7]
- ^ a b Addison, Brian (July 14, 2018). "The Long Beach origins of one of California's most notorious white power gangs". Long Beach Post. Archived from the original on July 16, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
- ^ a b Public Enemy Number 1 (PENI) Anti-Defamation League
- ^ a b "Special Issue: Gangs in the United States" (PDF), Narcotics Digest Weekly, vol. 4, no. 40, National Drug Intelligence Center, 2005-10-04, archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-05-24, retrieved 2009-11-14
- ^ a b c "Racist gang caught in sting kept a list of Orange County police targets". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. December 17, 2006. Archived from the original on May 12, 2012.
- ^ Simi, Pete; Smith, Lowell; Reeser, Ann M. S. (October 13, 2008). "From Punk Kids to Public Enemy Number One". Deviant Behavior. 29 (8): 753–774. doi:10.1080/01639620701873905. S2CID 143826550.
- ^ "Public Enemy Number 1 (PENI)". Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on April 26, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
- ^ Reza, H.G. (December 16, 2006). "Hit list led to wave of O.C. arrests". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012.
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