Puntland Puntland State of Somalia[1] | |
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Capital | Garoowe 8°24′N 48°29′E / 8.400°N 48.483°E |
Largest city | Bosaso |
Official languages | |
Demonym(s) | Puntlander |
Government | Unitary presidential republic[a] |
Said Abdullahi Deni | |
Ilyas Osman Lugator | |
Abdirizak Ahmed Said | |
Legislature | House of Representatives |
Area | |
• Total | 212,510[2] km2 (82,050 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 21,711 |
Population | |
• Estimate | 4,334,633 (2016)[3] |
GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | 1.853 billions $USD (2019)[4] |
• Per capita | 372 $USD (2019)[5] |
Currency | Somali shilling (SOS) |
Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 |
Calling code | +252 (Somalia) |
ISO 3166 code | SO |
Internet TLD | .so |
Puntland (Somali: Puntland, Arabic: أرض البنط, Italian: Terra di Punt or Paese di Punt), officially the Puntland State of Somalia (Somali: Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya, Arabic: ولاية أرض البنط الصومالية), is an autonomous territory formed in 1998 that became a Federal Member State. Puntland is located in the northeastern part of Somalia and its state capital is the city of Garoowe in the Nugal region.[6] The region had a population of 4,334,633 in 2016.[7] Geographically to the west, Puntland lays claim to the intra-46th meridian territories that were outside European colonial rule during parts of the Scramble for Africa period.
Puntland is bordered by Somaliland to its west, the Gulf of Aden in the north, the Guardafui Channel in the northeast, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, the central Galmudug region in the south, and Ethiopia in the southwest. There are several major geographical apexes in Puntland, including the Cape Guardafui, which forms the tip of the Horn of Africa, Ras Hafun the easternmost place on the entire African continent, and the beginning of the Karkaar mountain range. It also has the northernmost major city in Somalia, Bosaso, located at a line of latitude higher than 11° north.
The name "Puntland" is derived from the Land of Punt mentioned in ancient Egyptian sources, although the exact location of the fabled territory is still a mystery. Many studies suggest that the Land of Punt was located in present-day Somalia,[8][9] whereas others propose that it was situated elsewhere.[10]
On 31 March 2024, following changes to the Constitution of Somalia, the government of Puntland stated that it no longer recognises the authority of the Somali federal government and would no longer participate in Somali federal institutions. Furthermore, it was stated that Puntland would "operate as a state that's independent from Somalia until there is a federal government with a constitution agreed upon in a referendum in which Puntland participates".[11][12][13]
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