Pyramid of Djoser

Pyramid of Djoser
Pyramid of Djoser
	Djoser's step pyramid at Saqqara
Djoser
Coordinates	29°52′16.56″N 31°12′59.02″E / 29.8712667°N 31.2163944°E
Architect	Imhotep
Constructed	c. 2670–2650 BC (3rd dynasty)
Type	Step pyramid
Material	Limestone
Height	62.5 m (205 ft; 119 cu)
Base	121 m (397 ft; 231 cu) by; 109 m (358 ft; 208 cu)
Volume	330,400 m3 (11,667,966 cu ft)
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Part of	Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur
Criteria	Cultural: i, iii, vi
Reference	86-002
Inscription	1979 (3rd Session)
	Location within Lower Egypt

The pyramid of Djoser (or Djeser and Zoser), sometimes called the Step Pyramid of Djoser, is an archaeological site in the Saqqara necropolis, Egypt, northwest of the ruins of Memphis. It is the first pyramid to be built. The 6-tier, 4-sided structure is the earliest colossal stone building in Egypt.^[4] It was built in the 27th century BC during the Third Dynasty for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser. The pyramid is the central feature of a vast mortuary complex in an enormous courtyard surrounded by ceremonial structures and decoration.

The pyramid went through several revisions and redevelopments of the original plan. The pyramid originally stood 62.5 m (205 ft) tall, with a base of 109 m × 121 m (358 ft × 397 ft) and was clad in polished white limestone.^[5] The step pyramid (or proto-pyramid) was considered to be the earliest large-scale cut stone construction made by man as of 1997,^[6] although the nearby enclosure wall "Gisr el-Mudir" is suggested by some Egyptologists to predate the complex, and the South American pyramids at Caral are contemporary.

In March 2020, the pyramid was reopened for visitors after a 14-year restoration.^[7]

^ Cite error: The named reference Shaw 480 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Verner 2001d, p. 461.
^ ^a ^b Lehner 2008, p. 17.
^ Hawkes, Jacquetta (1974). Atlas of Ancient Archaeology. McGraw-Hill Book Company. p. 149. ISBN 0-07-027293-X.
^ Verner 2001d, pp. 108–109 & 461.
^ Lehner, Mark (1997). The Complete Pyramids. New York: Thames and Hudson. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-500-05084-2.
^ "Egypt reopens Djoser pyramid, country's oldest, after 14-year restoration". France24. 6 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.

[Shaw_480-1] Cite error: The named reference Shaw 480 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[FOOTNOTEVerner2001d461-2] Verner 2001d, p. 461.

[FOOTNOTELehner200817-3] Lehner 2008, p. 17.

[4] Hawkes, Jacquetta (1974). Atlas of Ancient Archaeology. McGraw-Hill Book Company. p. 149. ISBN 0-07-027293-X.

[FOOTNOTEVerner2001d108–109_&_461-5] Verner 2001d, pp. 108–109 & 461.

[Lehner_1997_p84-6] Lehner, Mark (1997). The Complete Pyramids. New York: Thames and Hudson. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-500-05084-2.

[7] "Egypt reopens Djoser pyramid, country's oldest, after 14-year restoration". France24. 6 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.

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