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| Pyrosomatidae Temporal range:
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| Pyrosoma atlanticum | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Tunicata |
| Class: | Thaliacea |
| Order: | Pyrosomatida Jones, 1848[1] |
| Family: | Pyrosomatidae Lahille, 1888 |
| Genera[3] | |
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Pyrosomes are free-floating colonial tunicates in family Pyrosomatidae. Pyrosomes consist of colonies of small Zooids. There are three genera, Pyrosoma, Pyrosomella and Pyrostremma, and eight species.[4][5] They usually live in the upper layers of the open ocean in warm seas, although some may be found at greater depths.[5] Pyrosomes exhibit bioluminescence,[6] and the name Pyrosoma derives from the Greek words pyro, meaning "fire", and soma, meaning "body".[7] Pyrosomes are hermaphroditic and reproduce via a two-part process.[8] They have the ability to create massive blooms that may affect pelagic food webs.[9]
- ^ "Pyrosomatida". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
- ^ WoRMS. "Pyrosoma Péron, 1804". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
WoRMS-familywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ WoRMS. "Pyrosomatidae Lahille, 1888". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
- ^ a b Lilly, Laura E.; Suthers, Iain M.; Everett, Jason D.; Richardson, Anthony J. (2023). "A global review of pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean's elusive gelatinous "fire-bodies"". Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett. 8 (6): 812–829. Bibcode:2023LimOL...8..812L. doi:10.1002/lol2.10350.
- ^ Bowlby, Mark R; Bowlby, Mark R.; Widder, Edith A.; Case, James F. (1990-12-01). "Patterns of Stimulated Bioluminescence in Two Pyrosomes (Tunicata: Pyrosomatidae)". The Biological Bulletin. 179 (3): 340––350. doi:10.2307/1542326. JSTOR 1542326. PMID 29314963.
- ^ Lilly, Laura E.; Suthers, Iain M.; Everett, Jason D.; Richardson, Anthony J. (2023). "A global review of pyrosomes: Shedding light on the ocean's elusive gelatinous "fire-bodies"". Limnology and Oceanography Letters. 8 (6): 812–829. Bibcode:2023LimOL...8..812L. doi:10.1002/lol2.10350. ISSN 2378-2242.
- ^ Piette, Jacques; Lemaire, Patrick (June 2015). "Thaliaceans, The Neglected Pelagic Relatives of Ascidians: A Developmental and Evolutionary Enigma". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 90 (2): 117–145. doi:10.1086/681440. ISSN 0033-5770. PMID 26285352.
- ^ Lyle, Joanna T; Cowen, Robert K; Sponaugle, Su; Sutherland, Kelly R (2022-03-01). "Fine-scale vertical distribution and diel migrations of Pyrosoma atlanticum in the northern California Current". Journal of Plankton Research. 44 (2): 288–302. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbac006. ISSN 0142-7873.
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