Qin (state)

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Qin 秦 *Dzin
9th century BC–207 BC
Capital	Quanqiu (犬丘) Qinyi (秦邑) Qian (汧) Pingyang (平陽) Yong (雍) Jingyang (涇陽) Yueyang Xianyang
Common languages	Old Chinese
Religion	Chinese folk religion Ancestor worship
Government	Monarchy
History
• Established	9th century BC
• Founded by Feizi	860 BCE?
• Declared empire	221 BC
• defunct	207 BC
Currency	ancient Chinese coinage
Preceded by Succeeded by Zhou dynasty Qin dynasty Eighteen Kingdoms
Today part of	China

Qin
"Qin" in seal script (top) and regular script (bottom) characters
Chinese	秦
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Qín Bopomofo ㄑㄧㄣˊ Wade–Giles Ch'in2 Tongyong Pinyin Cín IPA [tɕʰǐn] Wu Suzhounese Zín Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Chèuhn Jyutping Ceon4 IPA [tsʰɵn˩] Southern Min Tâi-lô Tsîn Old Chinese Baxter–Sagart (2014) *[dz]i[n]

Qin (/tʃɪn/, or Ch'in^[1]) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC.^[2] The Qin state originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain.

After extensive reform during the 4th century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers among the Seven Warring States. It unified the seven states of China in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the Qin state before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin"^[3][4] or "proto-Qin"^[5].