Qingli Reforms

Qingli New Deal
Simplified Chinese	庆历新政
Traditional Chinese	慶曆新政
Result	Failure
Other names	Minor Reforms; Qingli New Deal; Qingli New Policies

The Qingli Reforms or Qingli New Deal^[1] (simplified Chinese: 庆历新政; traditional Chinese: 慶曆新政; pinyin: Qìnglì xīnzhèng), or Qingli New Policies,^[2] also called Minor Reforms^[3] (小改革),^[4] took place in China’s Song dynasty under the leadership of Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu.^[5] Taking place from 1043 to 1045 and so called for falling in the 1041-1048 era of the same name, it was a short-lived attempt to introduce reforms into the traditional way of conducting governmental affairs in China. It was a precursor to a grander effort three decades later led by Wang Anshi.

Qingli Reforms was the first political reform of the Northern Song Dynasty,^[6] which lasted for one year and four months, eventually ended in failure. After the failure of the reform, Fan Zhongyan was deported to Dengzhou.^[7]

^ Xu Lili (2017-03-23). "Ideals and Losses of a Generation: The Political Direction of the "Fan Zhongyan Group" after the Qingli New Deal (1044-1067)". CNKI.
^ Asaf Goldschmidt (8 October 2008). The Evolution of Chinese Medicine: Song Dynasty, 960–1200. Routledge. pp. 46–. ISBN 978-1-134-09181-2.
^ "Ritual Controversy over the Zhaomu Sequence in Imperial Ancestral Rites in Song China (960-1279)" (PDF). 13 May 2015 – via CORE.
^ "How did Yan Zhenqing surpass Wang Xizhi?". Interface News. Jan 25, 2019.
^ Fang Wang (22 April 2016). Geo-Architecture and Landscape in China's Geographic and Historic Context: Volume 1 Geo-Architecture Wandering in the Landscape. Springer. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-981-10-0483-4.
^ Li Chunqing (1995). Utopia and poetry: ancient Chinese scholarly culture and literary values. Beijing Normal University Press. ISBN 978-7-303-04166-4.
^ Zhao Dongyan (1 April 2013). Chinese Dynasties' Internal Controversies: A Lament for the Change of Law. Liaoning Nationalities Press. pp. 62–. ISBN 978-7-205-07621-4.

[1] Xu Lili (2017-03-23). "Ideals and Losses of a Generation: The Political Direction of the "Fan Zhongyan Group" after the Qingli New Deal (1044-1067)". CNKI.

[Goldschmidt2008-2] Asaf Goldschmidt (8 October 2008). The Evolution of Chinese Medicine: Song Dynasty, 960–1200. Routledge. pp. 46–. ISBN 978-1-134-09181-2.

[3] "Ritual Controversy over the Zhaomu Sequence in Imperial Ancestral Rites in Song China (960-1279)" (PDF). 13 May 2015 – via CORE.

[4] "How did Yan Zhenqing surpass Wang Xizhi?". Interface News. Jan 25, 2019.

[Wang2016-5] Fang Wang (22 April 2016). Geo-Architecture and Landscape in China's Geographic and Historic Context: Volume 1 Geo-Architecture Wandering in the Landscape. Springer. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-981-10-0483-4.

[Li_Chunqing_1995-6] Li Chunqing (1995). Utopia and poetry: ancient Chinese scholarly culture and literary values. Beijing Normal University Press. ISBN 978-7-303-04166-4.

[Zhao_Dongyan_2013-7] Zhao Dongyan (1 April 2013). Chinese Dynasties' Internal Controversies: A Lament for the Change of Law. Liaoning Nationalities Press. pp. 62–. ISBN 978-7-205-07621-4.

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