Qingyuan Xingsi

Qingyuan Xingsi
青原行思
Qingyuan Xingsi; 青原行思
Title	Chán master
Personal
Born	660; Jiangxi, China
Died	740
Religion	Buddhism
School	Chán
Senior posting
Teacher	Dajian Huineng
Predecessor	Dajian Huineng
Successor	Shitou Xiqian
	Students Shitou Xiqian;

Qingyuan Xingsi (Chinese: 青原行思; pinyin: Qīngyuán Xíngsī; Japanese: Seigen Gyōshi; Korean: Chǒngwǒn Haengsa; Vietnamese: Thanh Nguyên Hành Tư) was a Zen Buddhist monk during the Tang dynasty. Three of the five traditionally recognized houses of Zen are commonly believed to have developed out of his lineage: the Caodong/Sōtō, Yunmen/Unmon, and Fayan/Hōgen. There is scant information about his life. He is said to have lived in the Quiet Abode Temple on Mount Qingyuan.^[1] The Transmission of the Lamp claims he was Huineng's foremost student, although this was written during the Song dynasty over 200 years after Qingyuan's death.^[2]^: 48 In fact, in the oldest version of the Platform Sutra found among the Dunhuang manuscripts, which dates to about 850 CE, Qingyuan is not listed as a student of Huineng at all.^[3] The earliest source of information about Qingyuan comes from the Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall, which was completed in 952 by the monk Wendeng.^[4]^: 63 The scholar Albert Welter suggests that Wendeng may have invented Qingyuan in order to legitimize Shitou Xiqian, Qingyuan's supposed student, and in turn himself since he was descended from Shitou.^[4]^: 73–75 Shitou's original teacher, Huineng, died when Shitou was only 13, so Qingyuan was necessary for him to receive legitimate dharma transmission.^[2]^: 48

^ Ferguson, Andrew E. (2000), Zen's Chinese heritage: the masters and their teachings, Wisdom Publications, pp. 48–49, ISBN 978-0-86171-163-5
^ ^a ^b Mitchell, James (2005), Soto Zen ancestors in China, San Francisco: Ithuriel's Spear, pp. 48–51, ISBN 978-0-9749502-3-5
^ McRae, John (2003), Seeing Through Zen, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, p. 82, ISBN 978-0-520-23798-8
^ ^a ^b Welter, Albert (2006), Monks, rulers, and literati: the political ascendancy of Chan Buddhism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-517521-9

[Fer-1] Ferguson, Andrew E. (2000), Zen's Chinese heritage: the masters and their teachings, Wisdom Publications, pp. 48–49, ISBN 978-0-86171-163-5

[Mit-2] Mitchell, James (2005), Soto Zen ancestors in China, San Francisco: Ithuriel's Spear, pp. 48–51, ISBN 978-0-9749502-3-5

[McRae-3] McRae, John (2003), Seeing Through Zen, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, p. 82, ISBN 978-0-520-23798-8

[Wel-4] Welter, Albert (2006), Monks, rulers, and literati: the political ascendancy of Chan Buddhism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-517521-9

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