Queen of Sheba

Queen of Sheba
מַלְכַּת שְׁבָא (Hebrew)
ملكة سبأ (Arabic)
ንግሥተ ሳባ (Geʽez)
Detail from Queen of Sheba by Edward Slocombe, 1907
Personal life
NationalitySouth Arabian
RegionKingdom of Sheba
Other namesBilqis (بلقيس)
Makeda (ማክዳ)
Religious life
ReligionUnattested (possibly Arabian polytheism)

The Queen of Sheba,[a] also known as Bilqis[b] in Arabic and as Makeda[c] in Geʽez, is a figure first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. In the original story, she brings a caravan of valuable gifts for Solomon, the fourth King of Israel and Judah. This account has undergone extensive elaborations in Judaism, Ethiopian Christianity, and Islam.[1][2] It has consequently become the subject of one of the most widespread and fertile cycles of legends in West Asia and Northeast Africa, as well as in other regions where the Abrahamic religions have had a significant impact.[3]

Modern historians and archaeologists identify Sheba as one of the South Arabian kingdoms, which existed in modern-day Yemen. However, because no trace of her has ever been found,[4][5] the Queen of Sheba's existence is disputed among some historians.[6]


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  1. ^ "Echoes of a Legendary Queen". Harvard Divinity Bulletin. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
  2. ^ "Queen of Sheba - Treasures from Ancient Yemen". the Guardian. 2002-05-25. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
  3. ^ E. Ullendorff (1991), "BILḲĪS", The Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Brill, pp. 1219–1220
  4. ^ "Collection | British Museum". www.britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 2024-06-11.
  5. ^ Israel Finkelstein,David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots' of the Western Tradition p.167
  6. ^ National Geographic, issue mysteries of history, September 2018, p.45.

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