Racialization

Racialization or ethnicization is a sociological concept used to describe the intent and processes by which ethnic or racial identities are systematically constructed within a society.^[1]^[2] Constructs for racialization are centered on erroneous generalizations about racial aspects of distinct groups, leading to the denial of equal societal engagement.^[3] It is a process of racial dominance that has lasting harmful or damaging outcomes for racialized groups.^[4]

^ Omi, Michael; Winant, Howard (1986). Racial Formation in the United States / From the 1960s to the 1980s. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-7102-0970-2. We employ the term racialization to signify the extension of racial meaning to a previously racially unclassified relationship, social practice, or group.
^ St Louis, Brett (2005). "Racialization in the "zone of ambiguity"". In Murji, Karim; Solomos, John (eds.). Racialization: Studies in Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press. pp. 29–50. ISBN 0199257035.
^ Hoyt, Carlos (2016-01-19). The Arc of a Bad Idea: Understanding and Transcending Race. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-938627-7 – via Google Books. Racialization is the process by which societies construct races as real, different and unequal in ways that matter to economic, political and social life. It involves: selecting some human characteristics as meaningful signs of racial difference; sorting people into races on the basis of variations in these characteristics; attributing personality traits, behaviours (sic) and social characteristics to people classified as members of particular races; and acting as if race indicates socially significant differences among people.
^ Gans, Herbert J. (2017). "Racialization and racialization research". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 40 (3): 341–352. doi:10.1080/01419870.2017.1238497. ISSN 1466-4356. S2CID 152204468.

[1] Omi, Michael; Winant, Howard (1986). Racial Formation in the United States / From the 1960s to the 1980s. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-7102-0970-2. We employ the term racialization to signify the extension of racial meaning to a previously racially unclassified relationship, social practice, or group.

[2] St Louis, Brett (2005). "Racialization in the "zone of ambiguity"". In Murji, Karim; Solomos, John (eds.). Racialization: Studies in Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press. pp. 29–50. ISBN 0199257035.

[Hoyt-3] Hoyt, Carlos (2016-01-19). The Arc of a Bad Idea: Understanding and Transcending Race. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-938627-7 – via Google Books. Racialization is the process by which societies construct races as real, different and unequal in ways that matter to economic, political and social life. It involves: selecting some human characteristics as meaningful signs of racial difference; sorting people into races on the basis of variations in these characteristics; attributing personality traits, behaviours (sic) and social characteristics to people classified as members of particular races; and acting as if race indicates socially significant differences among people.

[Gans-4] Gans, Herbert J. (2017). "Racialization and racialization research". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 40 (3): 341–352. doi:10.1080/01419870.2017.1238497. ISSN 1466-4356. S2CID 152204468.

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