Back Ramadan Afrikaans Ramadan ALS ረመዳን Amharic رمضان Arabic ܪܡܕܐܢ ARC رمضان ARY شهر رمضان ARZ ৰমজান Assamese Ramadán AST Рамазан AV

Ramadan

For other uses, see Ramadan (disambiguation).

Ramadan
A crescent moon over Sarıçam, Turkey
Women reading the Quran in Bandar Torkaman, Iran
Men breaking their fast in Dubai Grand Mosque
Tarawih prayers in a mosque in West Sumatra, Indonesia
iftar meal
Ramadan decorations in the streets of Aden, Yemen
zakat donation boxes in Taipei, Taiwan
CalendarIslamic calendar
Month number9
Number of days29–30 (depends on actual observation of the moon's crescent)
Significant days
← Sha'ban
Shawwal →
Islamic calendar
Months
  1. Muharram
  2. Safar
  3. Rabi' al-Awwal
  4. Rabi' al-Thani
  5. Jumada al-Awwal
  6. Jumada al-Thani
  7. Rajab
  8. Sha'ban
  9. Ramadan
  10. Shawwal
  11. Dhu al-Qadah
  12. Dhu al-Hijjah

Ramadan[a][note 1] is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. It is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), communal prayer (salah), reflection, and community.[5] It is also the month in which the Quran is believed to have been revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the five pillars of Islam[6] and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the crescent moon to the next.[7][8]

Fasting from dawn to sunset is obligatory (fard) for all adult Muslims who are not acutely or chronically ill, travelling, elderly, breastfeeding, pregnant, or menstruating.[9] The predawn meal is referred to as suhur, and the nightly feast that breaks the fast is called iftar.[10][11] Although rulings (fatawa) have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a midnight sun or polar night should follow the timetable of Mecca,[12] it is common practice to follow the timetable of the closest country in which night can be distinguished from day.[13][14][15]

The spiritual rewards (thawab) of fasting are believed to be multiplied during Ramadan.[16] Accordingly, during the hours of fasting, Muslims refrain not only from food and drink, but also from all behavior deemed to be sinful in Islam,[17][18] devoting themselves instead to prayer and study of the Quran.[19][20]

  1. ^ "Ramadan". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  2. ^ "Ramadan". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  3. ^ "Ramadan". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  4. ^ "Ramadan". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020.
  5. ^ "Ramadan: Fasting and Traditions". Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  6. ^ "Schools – Religions". BBC. Archived from the original on 27 August 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  7. ^ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad (28 January 2009). "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  8. ^ Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain (28 June 2009). "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2378". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  9. ^ Fasting (Al Siyam) – الصيام – p. 18, el Bahay el Kholi, 1998
  10. ^ Islam, Andrew Egan – 2002 – p. 24
  11. ^ Dubai – p. 189, Andrea Schulte-Peevers – 2010
  12. ^ "Ramadan in the Farthest North". Saudi Aramco World. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ramadan2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference ottawacitizen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference ArcticRamadan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  17. ^ Smith, Jane I. (2010). Islam in America. Columbia University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-231-14710-1. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  18. ^ Hotaling, Edward (2003). Islam Without Illusions: Its Past, Its Present, and Its Challenge for the Future. Syracuse University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8156-0766-3. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  19. ^ Abu Dawud-Ibn-Ash'ath-AsSijisstani, Sulayman. "Sunan Abu-Dawud – (The Book of Prayer) – Detailed Injunctions about Ramadan, Hadith 1370". Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement of The University of Southern California. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  20. ^ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 199". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.


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