Back Ramadan Afrikaans Ramadan ALS ረመዳን Amharic رمضان Arabic ܪܡܕܐܢ ARC رمضان ARY شهر رمضان ARZ ৰমজান Assamese Ramadán AST Рамазан AV

Ramadan

This article is about the 9th month of the Islamic calendar, a month of fasting for Muslims. For the Islamic calendar month, see Ramadan (calendar month). For other uses, see Ramadan (disambiguation).

Ramadan
رَمَضَان
From top, left to right: A crescent moon over Sarıçam, Turkey, marking the beginning of the Islamic month of Ramadan; Ramadan Quran reading in Bandar Torkaman, Iran; community iftar meal in Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Tarawih prayers in a mosque in West Sumatra, Indonesia; foods served at a traditional iftar meal; Ramadan decorations in Jerusalem; zakat donation boxes in Taipei, Taiwan.
Also called
Observed byMuslims
TypeIslamic
CelebrationsCommunity iftars and prayers
Observances
BeginsAt the last night of the month of Sha'ban[1]
EndsAt the last night of the month of Ramadan[1]
DateVariable (follows the Islamic lunar calendar)[2][3]
2024 date11/12 March – 9/10 April[a]
FrequencyAnnual (lunar calendar)
Related to

Ramadan[b] (Arabic: رَمَضَان, romanized: Ramaḍān [ra.ma.dˤaːn];[c] also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar,[10] observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer (salah), reflection, and community.[11] A commemoration of Muhammad's first revelation,[12] the annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam[13] and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the crescent moon to the next.[14][15]

Fasting from dawn to sunset is obligatory (fard) for all adult Muslims who are not acutely or chronically ill, travelling, elderly, breastfeeding, diabetic, pregnant, or menstruating.[16] The predawn meal is referred to as suhur, and the nightly feast that breaks the fast is called iftar.[17][18] Although rulings (fatawa) have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a midnight sun or polar night should follow the timetable of Mecca,[19] it is common practice to follow the timetable of the closest country in which night can be distinguished from day.[20][21][22]

The spiritual rewards (thawab) of fasting are believed to be multiplied during Ramadan.[23] Accordingly, during the hours of fasting, Muslims refrain not only from food and drink, but also tobacco products, sexual relations, and sinful behavior,[24][25] devoting themselves instead to prayer and study of the Quran.[26][27]

  1. ^ a b Clark, Malcolm (2003). Islam For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-7645-5503-9.
  2. ^ "The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia". Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  3. ^ "Ramadan to start May 27 or May 28". aljazeera.com/. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  4. ^ Hijri Calendar Ramadan 1445 at IslamicFinder.org. Retrieved 5 April 2024;
  5. ^ Mahima Sharma. "Ramadan 2024 Date and fasting rituals." Times of India. 12 March 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  6. ^ "Ramadan". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  7. ^ "Ramadan". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  8. ^ "Ramadan". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  9. ^ "Ramadan". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020.
  10. ^ BBC – Religions Archived 28 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 25 July 2012
  11. ^ "Ramadan: Fasting and Traditions". Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  12. ^ "Ramadan 2020: Date, importance, wishes, quotes, messages, and pictures". India Today.
  13. ^ "Schools – Religions". BBC. Archived from the original on 27 August 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  14. ^ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  15. ^ Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain. "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2378". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  16. ^ Fasting (Al Siyam) – الصيام – p. 18, el Bahay el Kholi, 1998
  17. ^ Islam, Andrew Egan – 2002 – p. 24
  18. ^ Dubai – p. 189, Andrea Schulte-Peevers – 2010
  19. ^ "Ramadan in the Farthest North". Saudi Aramco World. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  20. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ramadan2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference ottawacitizen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference ArcticRamadan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  24. ^ Smith, Jane I. (2010). Islam in America. Columbia University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-231-14710-1. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  25. ^ Hotaling, Edward (2003). Islam Without Illusions: Its Past, Its Present, and Its Challenge for the Future. Syracuse University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8156-0766-3. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  26. ^ Abu Dawud-Ibn-Ash'ath-AsSijisstani, Sulayman. "Sunan Abu-Dawud – (The Book of Prayer) – Detailed Injunctions about Ramadan, Hadith 1370". Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement of The University of Southern California. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  27. ^ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 199". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.


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