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| Ranjit Singh | |
|---|---|
| Maharaja of Punjab Maharaja of Lahore Sher-e-Punjab (Lion of Punjab) Sher-e-Hind (Lion of India) Sarkar-i-Wallah (Head of Government)[1] Sarkar Khalsaji (Respected Head of the Khalsa) Lord of Five Rivers Singh Sahib[2] | |
 Painting of Maharaja Ranjit Singh from the Tazkirat al-Umara, written for James Skinner, ca.1830 | |
| Maharaja of the Sikh Empire | |
| Reign | 12 April 1801 – 27 June 1839 |
| Investiture | 12 April 1801 at Lahore Fort |
| Successor | Kharak Singh |
| Chief of Sukerchakia Misl | |
| Reign | 15 April 1792 – 11 April 1801 |
| Predecessor | Maha Singh |
| Born | Buddh Singh 13 November 1780[3] Gujranwala, Sukerchakia Misl, Sikh Confederacy (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Died | 27 June 1839 (aged 58) Lahore, Sikh Empire (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Burial | Cremated remains stored in the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh, Lahore |
| Spouse | Maharani Mehtab Kaur Maharani Datar Kaur Maharani Jind Kaur |
| Issue among others... | Kharak Singh Sher Singh Maharaja Duleep Singh |
| House | Sukerchakia |
| Father | Sardar Maha Singh |
| Mother | Raj Kaur |
| Religion | Sikhism |
| Signature (handprint) |  |
Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839),[4] popularly known as Sher-e-Punjab or "Lion of Punjab", was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. He survived smallpox in infancy but lost sight in his left eye. He fought his first battle alongside his father at age 10. After his father died around Ranjit's early teenage years, Ranjit subsequently fought several wars to expel the Afghans throughout his teenage years. At the age of 21, he was proclaimed the "Maharaja of Punjab".[5][6] His empire grew in the Punjab region under his leadership through 1839.[7][8]
Prior to his rise, the Punjab region had numerous warring misls (confederacies), twelve of which were under Sikh rulers and one Muslim.[6] Ranjit Singh successfully absorbed and united the Sikh misls and took over other local kingdoms to create the Sikh Empire. He repeatedly defeated invasions by outside armies, particularly those arriving from Afghanistan, and established friendly relations with the British.[9]
Ranjit Singh's reign introduced reforms, modernisation, investment into infrastructure and general prosperity.[10][11] His Khalsa army and government included Sikhs, Hindus, Muslims and Europeans.[12] His legacy includes a period of Sikh cultural and artistic renaissance, including the rebuilding of the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar as well as other major gurudwaras, including Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Bihar and Hazur Sahib Nanded, Maharashtra under his sponsorship.[13][14] Ranjit Singh was succeeded by his son Kharak Singh. Ranjit Singh also founded the Order of the Propitious Star of Punjab in 1837.
- ^ https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/hindi-english/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0#:~:text=%2Fsarak%C4%81ra%2F,are%20responsible%20for%20governing%20it.
- ^ A history of the Sikhs by Kushwant Singh, Volume I (p. 195)
- ^ S.R. Bakshi, Rashmi Pathak (2007). "1-Political Condition". In S.R. Bakshi, Rashmi Pathak (ed.). Studies in Contemporary Indian History – Punjab Through the Ages Volume 2. Sarup & Sons, New Delhi. p. 2. ISBN 978-81-7625-738-1.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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Singh2008p9was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Grewal, J. S. (1990). "Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)". The Sikh empire (1799–1849). The New Cambridge History of India. Vol. The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Patwant Singh (2008). Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Peter Owen. pp. 113–124. ISBN 978-0-7206-1323-0.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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kaushikroyp143was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Kaushik Roy (2011). War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849. Routledge. pp. 143–147. ISBN 978-1-136-79087-4.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
lafontp95was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Kerry Brown (2002). Sikh Art and Literature. Routledge. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-134-63136-0.
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