Back قوات الدعم السريع Arabic Сілы аператыўнай падтрымкі Byelorussian Jednotky rychlé podpory Czech Rapid Support Forces German Δυνάμεις Ταχείας Υποστήριξης Greek Fuerzas de Apoyo Rápido Spanish نیروهای واکنش سریع Persian Rapid Support Forces Finnish Forces de soutien rapide French Pasukan Dukungan Cepat ID

Rapid Support Forces

Rapid Support Forces
قوات الدعم السريع
CommanderHemedti
Deputy headAbdul Rahim Dagalo[1]
East Darfur commanderAbdel Rahman Jumma
SpokespersonYousif Ibrahim Ismaeil (2021–2024)
FoundationAugust 2013
AllegianceGovernment of Sudan (2013–2023)
Government of Peace and Unity (2025–present)
IdeologyArab supremacy[2]
Secularism[3]
Tribalism[4][5]
Notable attacksKhartoum massacre
Masalit massacres

Eastern Gezira State massacres

Size100,000 (2023)[6]
Part ofNational Intelligence and Security Service and Sudanese Armed Forces (until 2023)
AlliesState allies:
United Arab Emirates (Alleged, Denied by UAE) [7]
 Chad[8][9]
Non-state allies:
Wagner Group[10][11]
Libyan National Army[12]
Tamazuj[13]
Non RSF Janjaweed
SPLM-N (al-Hilu) (since 2025)[14]
OpponentsState opponents:
 Egypt[20]
 Ukraine[21]
Non-state opponents:
 Houthi movement[22][23]
Battles and wars
Flag
Websiterapidsupportforce.com
Preceded by
Janjaweed

The Rapid Support Forces (RSF; Arabic: قوات الدعم السريع, romanized: Quwwāt ad-daʿm as-sarīʿ) is a paramilitary force formerly operated by the government of Sudan. The RSF grew out of, and is primarily composed of, the Janjaweed militias which previously fought on behalf of the Sudanese government.[24][25]

RSF has been administered by the National Intelligence and Security Service, while during military operations it has been commanded by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF).[26] As of June 2019, the commander is General Hemedti (Muhamed Hamdan Dagalo).[27] During the Sudanese political crisis of 2019, the military junta that took control of the country employed the RSF to violently crack down on pro-democracy demonstrators.[27] Along with other security forces, RSF carried out the Khartoum massacre on 3 June 2019.[28][29][30]

On 15 April 2023, fighting broke out between the RSF and the SAF after the RSF mobilized its forces in cities across Sudan, including in Darfur.[31] The SAF has designated the RSF a rebel group. RSF forces are now in control of territory across Sudan, mostly in the south and west.

The Rapid Support Forces announced the formation of a parallel Government of Peace and Unity to administer the areas of Sudan under their control on 15 April 2025.[32] Its actions in Darfur were deemed crimes against humanity by Human Rights Watch[33] and declared as genocide by the United States.[34]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference AJE_RSF_deputy_head was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Salih, Zeinab Mohammed (10 January 2025). "'If you are black, you are finished': the ethnically targeted violence raging in Sudan". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
  3. ^ "Sudan's RSF, accused of genocide, signs charter to form rival government". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  4. ^ Amgad (11 November 2024). "Sudan's RSF 'stoke ethnic tensions with tribal recruitment'". Dabanga Radio TV Online. Retrieved 27 March 2025.
  5. ^ "ANALYSIS OF RSF COMMANDER HIMEDTI'S SPEECH (9 OCT 2024)". Sudan In The News. 13 October 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
  6. ^ "Factbox: Who are Sudan's Rapid Support Forces?". Reuters. 13 April 2023. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023. Analysts estimate the force numbers about 100,000, with bases and deployments across the country.
  7. ^ "Ethnic killings in one Sudan city left up to 15,000 dead: UN report". The Business Standard. 20 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Key Darfur groups join Sudanese army in its war against RSF paramilitary forces". Sudan Tribune. 17 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference TalkingPeace was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Elbagir, Nima; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Qiblawi, Tamara (20 April 2023). "Exclusive: Evidence emerges of Russia's Wagner arming militia leader battling Sudan's army". CNN. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023. The Russian mercenary group Wagner has been supplying Sudan's Rapid Support Forces (RSF) with missiles to aid their fight against the country's army, Sudanese and regional diplomatic sources have told CNN. The sources said the surface-to-air missiles have significantly buttressed RSF paramilitary fighters and their leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo
  11. ^ "Wagner in Sudan: What have Russian mercenaries been up to?". BBC News. 24 April 2023. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023. Its founder, Yevgeny Prighozin – who has close links to President Vladimir Putin – has said that, "Not a single Wagner PMC [private military company] fighter has been present in Sudan" for over two years. We've found no evidence that Russian mercenaries are currently inside the country. But there is evidence of Wagner's previous activities in Sudan...
  12. ^ "Sudan's army chief says Haftar denies supporting RSF; no confirmation on Wagner Group's involvement". Al-Ahram. 22 April 2023. Archived from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  13. ^ "Tamazuj group aligns with RSF in Sudan's ongoing war - Sudan Tribune". 16 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023.
  14. ^ "Sudan's army takes full control of Khartoum, RSF remains defiant". Al Jazeera.
  15. ^ "SPLM-N and Popular Defense Forces field commanders meet in South Kordofan". Sudan War Monitor. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Malik Agar reveals government-proposed roadmap to end Sudan's war". Sudan Tribune. 6 August 2023. Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  17. ^ "SLM faction joins Sudanese army against RSF in Darfur". Sudan Tribune. 1 August 2023. Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  18. ^ Copnall, James; Kupemba, Danai Nesta (17 November 2023). "Sudan civil war: Darfur's Jem rebels join army fight against RSF". BBC News. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  19. ^ "Key Darfur groups join Sudanese army in its war against RSF paramilitary forces". 16 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  20. ^ Faucon, Benoit; Said, Summer; Malsin, Jared (19 April 2023). "Libyan Militia and Egypt's Military Back Opposite Sides in Sudan Conflict". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023. "Mr. Haftar, who is backed by Russia and the United Arab Emirates, sent at least one shipment of ammunition on Monday (17 April) from Libya to Sudan to replenish supplies for Gen. Dagalo," the people familiar with the matter said.
  21. ^ Sabbagh, Dan; Defence, Dan Sabbagh; editor, security (6 February 2024). "Ukrainian special forces 'in Sudan operating against Russian mercenaries'". The Guardian. {{cite web}}: |last3= has generic name (help)
  22. ^ "Sudan Drawing Down Troops in Yemen in Recent Months". Voice of America. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  23. ^ "Huge Sudanese losses in Yemen highlight fighters' role in the conflict". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  24. ^ Ismail, Nermin (6 September 2019). "Sudan eyewitness: Militiamen raped men, women". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  25. ^ Burke, Jason; Salih, Zeinab Mohammed (9 June 2019). "Millions join general strike in Sudan aimed at dislodging army". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 14 June 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  26. ^ "RSF to Uproot Rebels". Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Sudan Vision Daily, 19 May 2014.
  27. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference AJE_who_RSF_Hemeti was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference BBC_3Junemassacre was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference DailyBeast_Hemeti_responsibility was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference Albaih_Hemeti was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  31. ^ Mackay, Hamish (15 April 2023). "Fighter jets seen above Khartoum amid gunfire in Sudan's capital – live". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  32. ^ "Sudan's militia backed factions agree to form parallel govts".
  33. ^ Cite error: The named reference HRW_Hemetti_Darfur2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  34. ^ Walsh, Declan (7 January 2025). "Sudanese Paramilitary Group Committed Genocide, U.S. Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 27 March 2025.

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