Raven's Progressive Matrices

The cover of a test booklet for Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices

Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a non-verbal test typically used to measure general human intelligence and abstract reasoning and is regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid intelligence.^[1] It is one of the most common tests administered to both groups and individuals ranging from 5-year-olds to the elderly.^[2] It comprises 60 multiple choice questions, listed in order of increasing difficulty.^[2] This format is designed to measure the test taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-making") component of Spearman's g (g is often referred to as general intelligence).

The tests were originally developed by John C. Raven in 1936.^[3] In each test item, the subject is asked to identify the missing element that completes a pattern. Many patterns are presented in the form of a 6×6, 4×4, 3×3, or 2×2 matrix, giving the test its name.^[4]

^ Bilker, Warren B.; Hansen, John A.; Brensinger, Colleen M.; Richard, Jan; Gur, Raquel E.; Gur, Ruben C. (2012-09-01). "Development of abbreviated nine-item forms of the Raven's standard progressive matrices test". Assessment. 19 (3): 354–369. doi:10.1177/1073191112446655. ISSN 1552-3489. PMC 4410094. PMID 22605785.
^ ^a ^b Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2009). Standardized tests in education, civil service, and the military. Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues (7 ed. pp. 325–327). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
^ Raven, J. C. (1936). Mental tests used in genetic studies: The performance of related individuals on tests mainly educative and mainly reproductive. MSc Thesis, University of London.
^ Mabon, Hunter (2014). Arbetspsykologisk testning: Om urvalsmetoder i arbetslivet. Assessio. Page 298. ISBN 9789174183085.

[1] Bilker, Warren B.; Hansen, John A.; Brensinger, Colleen M.; Richard, Jan; Gur, Raquel E.; Gur, Ruben C. (2012-09-01). "Development of abbreviated nine-item forms of the Raven's standard progressive matrices test". Assessment. 19 (3): 354–369. doi:10.1177/1073191112446655. ISSN 1552-3489. PMC 4410094. PMID 22605785.

[KaplanSaccuzzo-2] Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2009). Standardized tests in education, civil service, and the military. Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues (7 ed. pp. 325–327). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

[original-raven-3] Raven, J. C. (1936). Mental tests used in genetic studies: The performance of related individuals on tests mainly educative and mainly reproductive. MSc Thesis, University of London.

[4] Mabon, Hunter (2014). Arbetspsykologisk testning: Om urvalsmetoder i arbetslivet. Assessio. Page 298. ISBN 9789174183085.

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