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Renewable energy in South Africa

Primary sources of renewable energy in South Africa are solar, wind, hydroelectric, and biomass. Pictured here are wind turbines in Darling, Cape Province.

Renewable energy in South Africa is energy generated in South Africa from renewable resources, those that naturally replenish themselves—such as sunlight, wind, tides, waves, rain, biomass, and geothermal heat.[1] Renewable energy focuses on four core areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, transportation, and rural energy services.[2] The energy sector in South Africa is an important component of global energy regimes due to the country's innovation and advances in renewable energy.[3] South Africa's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is ranked as moderate and its per capita emission rate is higher than the global average. Energy demand within the country is expected to rise steadily and double by 2025.[3]

Total renewable energy capacity, 2014-2023 (MW)[4]: 2 
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
2,711 3,430 4,652 6,552 7,911 8,014 9,523 9,827 10,505 10,623

Of all South African renewable energy sources, solar holds the most potential.[3] Because of the country's geographic location, it receives large amounts of solar energy.[3] Wind energy is also a major potential source of renewable energy.[5] Due to the high wind velocity on the coast of the country, Cape Town has implemented multiple wind farms, which generate significant amounts of energy.[5] Renewable energy systems in the long-term are comparable or cost slightly less than non-renewable sources.[citation needed] Biomass is currently the largest renewable energy contributor in South Africa with 9-14% of the total energy mix.[6] Renewable energy systems are costly to implement in the beginning but provide high economic returns in the long-run.[7]

The two main barriers accompanying renewable energy in South Africa are: the energy innovation system, and the high cost of renewable energy technologies.[3] The Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme (REI4P) suggests that the cost associated with renewable energy will equal the cost of non-renewable energy by 2030.[7] Renewable energy is becoming more efficient, inexpensive, and widely used.[1] South Africa has an abundance of renewable resources that can effectively supply the country's energy.[6]

  1. ^ a b Ellabban, Omar; Abu-Rub, Haitham; Blaabjerg, Frede (1 November 2014). "Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 39: 748–764. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.113.
  2. ^ "Renewables 2010 Global Status Report" (PDF). www.ren21.net. 24 September 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e Pegels, Anna (2010). "Renewable Energy in South Africa: Potentials, Barriers, and options for support". Energy Policy. 38 (9): 4945–4954. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.077.
  4. ^ IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency (2024). "RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2024" (PDF). www.irena.org. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  5. ^ a b Winkler, Harald (2005). "Renewable energy policy in South Africa: policy options for renewable electricity". Energy Policy. 33: 27–38. doi:10.1016/S0301-4215(03)00195-2.
  6. ^ a b Banks, Douglas; Schäffler, Jason (2006). "The potential contribution of renewable energy in South Africa". Sustainable Energy & Climate Change Project: 1–116.
  7. ^ a b Walwyn, David; Brent, Alan (2015). "Renewable energy gathers steam in South Africa" (PDF). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 41: 390–401. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.049. hdl:2263/49731.

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