Revolution on Granite

Revolution on Granite
Revolution on Granite
Part of the 1989–1991 Ukrainian revolution and the dissolution of the Soviet Union
	Tents on October Revolution Square
Date	2 October – 17 October 1990
Location	Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union; Primarily Kyiv and Western Ukraine
Caused by	Dissatisfaction with the results of the March 1990 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Goals	Resignation of Vitaliy Masol as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR; Prevention of the New Union Treaty's signing; Multi-party parliamentary elections; Nationalisation of Communist Party property; Prevention of Ukrainian conscripts in the Soviet Army from serving outside Ukraine;
Methods	Hunger strike, occupation, human chain
Resulted in	Protester victory; Masol forced to resign; Ukrainian Soviet Army conscripts banned from being sent outside Ukraine; New Union Treaty approved by March 1991 referendum, subsequently failed to materialise due to Ukrainian opposition; Independence declared in August 1991, approved by December 1991 referendum; Democratic presidential elections held in December 1991, democratic parliamentary elections held in 1994;
Parties
Democratic Bloc; People's Movement of Ukraine; Students;	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; Communist Party of Ukraine;
Lead figures
	Viacheslav Chornovil; Ihor Yukhnovskyi; Oles Doniy; Oleh Medunytsia; Viktor Roh; Oleh Tyahnybok; Vitaliy Masol; Leonid Kravchuk;
Number
100,000

The Revolution on Granite (Ukrainian: Революція на граніті, romanized: Revoliutsiia na hraniti) was a student-led protest campaign that took place primarily in Kyiv and Western Ukraine in October 1990.^[4]^[5]^[6] Ukraine was then the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union until its declaration of independence from the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991.^[7] The protest was held from 2 October until 17 October 1990.^[5] One of the students' demands was the resignation of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR Vitaliy Masol.^[4] On the last day of the protests, Masol was forced to resign and was replaced by Vitold Fokin.^[8]

The Revolution on Granite is considered the first major political protest of Ukraine centred on Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square), the others being the 2004 Orange Revolution and the 2013–14 Revolution of Dignity.^[9]^[10]

^ Cite error: The named reference Kalinichenko_10.2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Discover Ukraine Through Film – Independence to Revolution". Hromadske. 2020-05-11. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
^ "The revolution on granite". National Memorial to the Heavenly Hundred Heroes and Revolution of Dignity Museum. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
^ ^a ^b The lesson of the Revolution on Granite, Den (4 October 2016)
^ ^a ^b (in Ukrainian) "Revolution on Granite". Photos of October 1990, Ukrayinska Pravda (accessdate: 11 November 2017)
^ "Revolution on Granite". Harvard University Digital Atlas on Ukraine. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
^ A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples by Paul Robert Magocsi, University of Toronto Press, 2010, ISBN 1442610212 (pages 563/564 & 722/723)
^ Cite error: The named reference Fokincame was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ The Conflict in Ukraine: What Everyone Needs to Know by Serhy Yekelchyk, Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 0190237287 (Chapter 1 "Why Ukraine")
^ Cite error: The named reference first-maidan-kyiv_30892599 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).