Richard Seddon

The Right Honourable Richard John Seddon
Seddon in 1905
15th Prime Minister of New Zealand[* 1]
In office 27 April 1893 – 10 June 1906
Monarchs	Victoria Edward VII
Governor	David Boyle Uchter Knox William Plunket
Preceded by	John Ballance
Succeeded by	William Hall-Jones
8th Minister of Defence
In office 23 January 1900 – 10 June 1906
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Thomas Thompson
Succeeded by	Albert Pitt
In office 24 January 1891 – 22 June 1896
Prime Minister	John Ballance
Preceded by	William Russell
Succeeded by	Thomas Thompson
11th Minister of Public Works
In office 24 January 1891 – 2 March 1896
Prime Minister	John Ballance
Preceded by	Thomas Fergus
Succeeded by	William Hall-Jones
7th Minister of Mines
In office 24 January 1891 – 6 September 1893
Prime Minister	John Ballance
Preceded by	Thomas Fergus
Succeeded by	Alfred Cadman
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Westland
In office 5 December 1890 – 10 June 1906
Preceded by	Electorate created
Succeeded by	Tom Seddon
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Kumara
In office 9 December 1881 – 5 December 1890
Preceded by	Electorate created
Succeeded by	Electorate abolished
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Hokitika
In office 5 September 1879 – 9 December 1881
Preceded by	Multi-member electorate
Succeeded by	Gerard George Fitzgerald
Personal details
Born	(1845-06-22)22 June 1845 Eccleston, Lancashire, England
Died	10 June 1906(1906-06-10) (aged 60)[2] At sea
Resting place	Bolton Street Memorial Park
Political party	Independent (1879–91) Liberal (1891–1906)
Spouse	Louisa Jane Spotswood (m. 1869)
Children	11, including Tom Seddon and Elizabeth Gilmer
Signature
^ The title "Prime Minister" was used by Richard Seddon from 1900.[1]

This article is part of a series about Richard Seddon
Early life MP for Westland Electoral history Prime Minister of New Zealand The Stout-Seddon Struggle Women's Suffrage Petition Land for Settlements Act Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act Old-age Pensions Act Accident Insurance Act Second Boer War General elections 1893 1896 1899 1902 1905
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Richard John Seddon PC (22 June 1845 – 10 June 1906) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 15th premier (prime minister) of New Zealand from 1893 until his death. In office for thirteen years, he is to date New Zealand's longest-serving head of government.

Seddon was born in Eccleston, Lancashire, England. He arrived in New Zealand in 1866.^[3] His prominence in local politics gained him a seat in the House of Representatives in 1879. Seddon became a key member of the Liberal Party under the leadership of John Ballance. When the Liberal Government came to power in 1891 Seddon was appointed to several portfolios, including Minister of Public Works. Seddon succeeded to the leadership of the Liberal Party following Ballance's death in 1893, inheriting a bill for women's suffrage, which was passed the same year despite Seddon's opposition to it. Seddon's government achieved many social and economic changes, such as the introduction of old age pensions. His personal popularity, charisma and strength overcame dissent from within his cabinet.^[4] This has been described as firmly establishing "Seddonism", a colloquial term for Seddon's strand of nationalist conservatism, as New Zealand's dominant political ideology.^[5] His government also purchased vast amounts of land from the Māori, aided by his allies Alfred Cadman and James Carroll as the Ministers of Native Affairs. He spent the 1899 general election trying to relieve New Zealand's parliament of the independent politicians who had so greatly dominated the country's organised national politics since its provenance, in which he triumphed greatly.^[5] An imperialist in foreign policy, his attempt to incorporate Fiji into New Zealand failed, but he successfully annexed the Cook Islands in 1901. Seddon's government supported Britain with troops in the Second Boer War (1899–1902) and supported preferential trade between British colonies.

Seddon was regarded as deeply regionalist; the late Professor of History at Victoria University of Wellington, D.A. Hamer, described him as "an intensely parochial politician...a great fighter for the interests of West Coasters but with no interest in or knowledge about wider New Zealand problems".^[5] His heritage from the region defined him not only as a politician, but as a man; he became well-known for the "uncouth" stereotypes of the generally West Coast Pākehā population of the time, expressed in his lack of education, boisterous and aggressive persona, and his dialectal tendency to drop his aitches. Seddon continued to live on the West Coast of the South Island throughout his premiership, only coming to Wellington on a regular basis very reluctantly, from the late 1890s. Seddon was also described as a man of secret brooding, who secretly battled anxiety and depression beneath his public surface of rodomontade and bravado; he hid his personal struggles to ensure his enemies would not feel pleasure knowing they had hurt him.^[5]

Despite his personal insecurities, dominating and almost illiberal viewpoints, and erratic nature, he inspired serious and long-lasting loyalty among his cabinet members. Leading the Liberal Party until his death, the party afterwards struggled to recover, going through a string of leaders before essentially giving way to New Zealand's modern two-party system of what would become the Labour and National Parties.^[5] Ironically, this was something Seddon had been instrumental in creating, through his successful attempt at suppressing New Zealand's previously dominant political cohort of independents.^[5] Despite being derisively known as "King Dick" for his autocratic style,^[3] and criticised for his actions on Māori land deprivation and his views on race (especially towards Chinese), he has nonetheless been named as one of the greatest, most influential, and most widely known politicians in New Zealand history.