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In electronics, ring modulation is a signal processing function, an implementation of frequency mixing, in which two signals are combined to yield an output signal. One signal, called the carrier, is typically a sine wave or another simple waveform; the other signal is typically more complicated and is called the input or the modulator signal.
The ring modulator takes its name from the original implementation in which the analog circuit of diodes takes the shape of a ring, a diode ring.[2] The circuit is similar to a bridge rectifier, except that all four diodes are polarized in the same direction.
Ring modulation is similar to amplitude modulation, with the difference that in the latter the modulator is shifted to be positive before being multiplied with the carrier, while in the former the unshifted modulator signal is multiplied with the carrier. This has the effect that ring modulation of two sine waves having frequencies of 1,500 Hz and 400 Hz produce an output signal that is the sum of a sine wave with frequency 1,900 Hz and one with frequency 1,100 Hz. These two output frequencies are known as sidebands. If one of the input signals has significant overtones (which is the case for square waves), the output sounds quite different, since each harmonic generates its own pair of sidebands that is not harmonically-related.[3]
- ^ Curtis Roads (1996). The Computer Music Tutorial, pp. 220-221. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262680820.
- ^ Richard Orton, "Ring Modulator", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, page 429, volume 21, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001)
- ^ Strange, Allen (1972). Electronic Music, p. 11. Wm. C. Brown Co. Publishers. ISBN 0-697-03612-X.
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