Rio Negro (Amazon)

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Rio Negro Guainía River
Sunset over the Rio Negro, upstream from Manaus
Map showing the Rio Negro in the Amazon Basin
Native name	Rio Negro (Portuguese) Río Negro (Spanish)
Location
Countries	Colombia Venezuela Brazil
Physical characteristics
Source	highlands of Colombia
• location	Guainía Department, Amazon region, Colombia
• coordinates	1°56′50″N 70°1′55″W / 1.94722°N 70.03194°W / 1.94722; -70.03194 (approximately)
• elevation	250 m (820 ft) (approximately)
Mouth	Amazon River
• location	Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil
• coordinates	3°08′00″S 59°54′30″W / 3.13333°S 59.90833°W / -3.13333; -59.90833
• elevation	8 m (26 ft)[1]
Length	2,250 km (1,400 mi)[2]
Basin size	691,000 km2 (267,000 sq mi) to 714,577.6 km2 (275,900.0 sq mi)[3]
Width
• average	2,450 m (8,040 ft)[4]
Depth
• average	20 m (66 ft) (Serrinha); 24 m (79 ft) to 31 m (102 ft) (Manaus)[3]
• maximum	60 m (200 ft) (Manaus)[4]
Discharge
• location	Manaus (16 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 712,451.2 km2 (275,078.9 sq mi)[5]
• average	(Period: 1980–2006)35,943 m3/s (1,269,300 cu ft/s)[5] (Period: 1973–1992)28,400 m3/s (1,000,000 cu ft/s)[6] Encontro das Águas (near mouth): (Period: 1979–2015)30,640.8 m3/s (1,082,070 cu ft/s)[7]
• minimum	4,240 m3/s (150,000 cu ft/s)[3]
• maximum	64,380 m3/s (2,274,000 cu ft/s)[3]
Discharge
• location	Paricatuba, Anavilhanas, Amazonas (45 km upstream of mouth)
• average	(Period: 2008–2019)34,444 m3/s (1,216,400 cu ft/s)[8]
• minimum	7,633 m3/s (269,600 cu ft/s) (2009/10)[8]
• maximum	65,510 m3/s (2,313,000 cu ft/s) (2014/06)[8]
Discharge
• location	Serrinha, Amazonas (704 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 279,945 km2 (108,087 sq mi)
• average	(Period: 1980–2006)18,082 m3/s (638,600 cu ft/s)[5] (Period: 1997/01/01–2015/12/31) 16,845.52 m3/s (594,894 cu ft/s)[10]
• minimum	5,000 m3/s (180,000 cu ft/s)[9]
• maximum	30,000 m3/s (1,100,000 cu ft/s)[9]
Discharge
• location	São Felipe, Amazonas (Basin size: 110,862 km2 (42,804 sq mi)
• average	(Period: 1980–2006)7,984 m3/s (282,000 cu ft/s)[5] (Period: 1997/01/01–2014/04/29) 8,314.548 m3/s (293,625.5 cu ft/s)[10]
• minimum	1,200 m3/s (42,000 cu ft/s)[9]
• maximum	15,500 m3/s (550,000 cu ft/s)[9]
Discharge
• location	Cucuí, Amazonas (Basin size: 71,132 km2 (27,464 sq mi)
• average	(Period: 1980–2006)4,940 m3/s (174,000 cu ft/s)[5] (Period: 1997/01/01–2014/04/29) 5,113.101 m3/s (180,567.5 cu ft/s)[10]
• minimum	400 m3/s (14,000 cu ft/s)[9]
• maximum	10,500 m3/s (370,000 cu ft/s)[9]
Basin features
Progression	Amazon → Atlantic Ocean
River system	Amazon
Tributaries
• left	Casiquiare, Cauaburi, Marauiá, Macucuaú, Padauari, Demini, Jufari, Branco, Jauaperi, Camanaú, Baependi, Apuaú, Cuieiras, Tarumã Mirim, Tarumã Açu
• right	Guainía (Upper Negro), Xié, Içana, Uaupés, Curicuriari, Marié, Tea, Uneiuxi, Aiuanã, Urubaxi, Ararirá, Cuiuni, Caurés, Unini, Jaú, Puduari

The Rio Negro (Portuguese: Rio Negro [ˈʁi.u neɡɾu]; Spanish: Río Negro [ˈri.o ˈneɣɾo] "Black River"), or Guainía as it is known in its upper part, is the largest left tributary of the Amazon River (accounting for about 14% of the water in the Amazon basin), the largest blackwater river in the world,^[11] and one of the world's ten largest rivers by average discharge.