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A rishama (rišama; riš-ama) or rishema (Classical Mandaic: ࡓࡉࡔࡀࡌࡀ, lit. ''head/leader of the people''; Modern Mandaic: rišammā;[1] Arabic: ريشما; Persian: ریشا اد اما) is a religious patriarch in Mandaeism.[2] It is the highest rank out of all the Mandaean clergical ranks.[3] The next ranks are the ganzibra and tarmida priests (see Mandaean priest).
In Iraq, the current rishama is Sattar Jabbar Hilo,[4][5][6] while the current rishama in Iran is Najah Choheili.[7][8] In Australia, the Rishama and head of the Mandaean community is Salah Choheili.[9]
- ^ Häberl, Charles (2022). The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-80085-627-1.
- ^ "His Holiness Sattar Jabbar Hilo – Global Imams Council". Global Imams Council. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ Al-Saadi, Qais Mughashghash; Al-Saadi, Hamed Mughashghash (2012). Ginza Rabba: The Great Treasure. An equivalent translation of the Mandaean Holy Book. Drabsha.
- ^ "Leader of the world's Mandaeans asks for help". Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker e.V. (GfbV). Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ "برئاسة الريش امة ستار جبار حلو، كجةجي يلتقي وفد من طائفة الصابئة المندائيين". cese.iq. 2014. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ "الريشما ستار جبار حلو رئيس ديانة الصابئة المندائيين". Mandaean Library مكتبة موسوعة العيون المعرفية (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ "صابئین مندایی خدمت به ایران را باعث افتخار می‌دانند". خبرگزاری خورنا (in Persian). 2019-06-11. Retrieved 2024-02-10.
- ^ "دیدار رهبر صابئین مندایی ایران با سرپرست معاونت سیاسی و اجتماعی استانداری خوزستان". ایسنا (in Persian). 2022-06-07. Retrieved 2024-02-10.
- ^ "Harmony Day - Liverpool signs declaration on cultural and religious harmony". Liverpool City Champion. 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
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