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The Earl of Liverpool | |
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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | |
In office 8 June 1812 – 9 April 1827 | |
Monarchs | |
Regent | George, Prince Regent (1812–1820) |
Preceded by | Spencer Perceval |
Succeeded by | George Canning |
Secretary of State for War and the Colonies | |
In office 1 November 1809 – 11 June 1812 | |
Prime Minister | Spencer Perceval |
Preceded by | The Viscount Castlereagh |
Succeeded by | The Earl Bathurst |
Leader of the House of Lords | |
In office 25 March 1807 – 9 April 1827 | |
Prime Minister |
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Preceded by | The Lord Grenville |
Succeeded by | The Viscount Goderich |
In office 17 August 1803 – 5 February 1806 | |
Prime Minister | |
Preceded by | The Lord Pelham |
Succeeded by | The Lord Grenville |
Home Secretary | |
In office 25 March 1807 – 1 November 1809 | |
Prime Minister | The Duke of Portland |
Preceded by | The Earl Spencer |
Succeeded by | Richard Ryder |
In office 12 May 1804 – 5 February 1806 | |
Prime Minister | William Pitt the Younger |
Preceded by | Charles Philip Yorke |
Succeeded by | The Earl Spencer |
Foreign Secretary | |
In office 20 February 1801 – 14 May 1804 | |
Prime Minister | Henry Addington |
Preceded by | The Lord Grenville |
Succeeded by | The Lord Harrowby |
Personal details | |
Born | Robert Banks Jenkinson 7 June 1770 London, England |
Died | 4 December 1828 Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England | (aged 58)
Resting place | Hawkesbury Parish Church, Gloucestershire, England |
Political party | Tory |
Spouses | |
Parent | Charles Jenkinson (father) |
Education | Charterhouse School |
Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
Signature | |
Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, KG, PC, FRS (7 June 1770 – 4 December 1828) was a British Tory statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1812 to 1827. He also held many other important cabinet offices such as Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. He was also a member of the House of Lords and served as leader.
After becoming Prime Minister in 1812, Liverpool intensified efforts against Napoleon Bonaparte by providing subsidies to the allies until the coalition victory at Leipzig 1813. Despite these achievements, the country financially struggled with constant requests for Treasury bill roll overs from the Bank of England and heavy taxation. However, in June 1815, Napoleon was defeated for the final time at the Battle of Waterloo by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, ending the Napoleonic Wars. Liverpool outlined a peace settlement after the war at the Congress of Vienna which imposed no reparations and left France with most of her colonies, and secured no additional gains for Britain.[1]
As prime minister, Jenkinson called for repressive measures at domestic level to maintain order after the Peterloo Massacre of 1819. He dealt smoothly with the Prince Regent when King George III was incapacitated. He also steered the country through the period of radicalism and unrest that followed the Napoleonic Wars. He favoured commercial and manufacturing interests as well as the landed interest. He sought a compromise of the heated issue of Catholic emancipation. The revival of the economy strengthened his political position. By the 1820s, he was the leader of a reform faction of "Liberal Tories" who lowered the tariff, abolished the death penalty for many offences, and reformed the criminal law. By the time of his death, however, the Tory party, which had dominated the House of Commons for over 40 years, was ripping itself apart. Under his leadership, the Tory Party was able to survive the major calamities of the period without major impact.[2]
Important events during his tenure as prime minister included the War of 1812 with the United States, the Sixth and Seventh Coalitions against the French Empire, the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars at the Congress of Vienna, the Corn Laws, the Peterloo Massacre against pro-democracy protestors, the Trinitarian Act 1812 and the emerging issue of Catholic emancipation.[3] Despite being called "the Arch-mediocrity" by a later Conservative prime minister, Benjamin Disraeli, scholars rank him highly among all British prime ministers.[4] He is the third longest serving prime minister in British history with a unbroken 14-year tenure that is superseded only by Robert Walpole and William Pitt the Younger who each served longer.[5]
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