Rollo

Rollo
Rollo
	Rollo as depicted in the 13th century
Count of Rouen
Reign	911–928
Successor	William Longsword
Born	c. 835/870; Scandinavia
Died	933; Duchy of Normandy
Burial	Rouen Cathedral
Spouses	Poppa of Bayeux; Gisela of France (possibly);
Issue; more	William Longsword; Gerloc;
House	Normandy (founder)
Religion	Norse paganism; Later Roman Catholicism;

Rollo (Norman: Rou, Rolloun; Old Norse: Hrólfr; French: Rollon; died 933), also known with his epithet, Rollo "the Walker",^[4] was a Viking who, as Count of Rouen, became the first ruler of Normandy, a region in today's northern France. He was prominent among the Vikings who besieged Paris in 885–886,^[5]^[6] and he emerged as a war leader among the Norsemen who had secured a permanent foothold on Frankish soil in the valley of the lower Seine after the Siege of Chartres in 911. Charles the Simple, king of West Francia, agreed to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, which granted Rollo lands between the river Epte and the sea in exchange for Rollo agreeing to end his brigandage, swear allegiance to Charles, convert to Christianity, and pledge to defend the Seine estuary from other Viking raiders.^[7]^[8]

Rollo's life was recorded by Dudo of St. Quentin. Historians such as W. Vogel, Alexander Bugge, and Henri Prentout have debated whether Dudo's account is historically accurate,^[9] and Rollo's origin and life are heavily disputed.

Rollo is first recorded in a charter of 918 as the leader of a group of Viking settlers, and he reigned over the region of Normandy until at least 928. He was succeeded as ruler of the new Duchy of Normandy by his son William Longsword.^[10] The offspring of Rollo and his followers, through their intermingling with the local Frankish and Gallo-Roman population, became known as the "Normans". After the Norman conquest of England and of southern Italy and Sicily over the following two centuries, their descendants came to rule England, much of Ireland, Sicily and Antioch from the 11th to 13th centuries, leaving behind an enduring legacy in the histories of Europe and the Near East.^[11]

^ Bradbury, Jim (2004). The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. Routledge. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-415-41395-4.
^ Bouet, Pierre (2016). Rollon : Le chef viking qui fonda la Normandie (in French). Tallander. p. 76.
^ Hjardar, Kim; Vike, Vegard (2016). Vikings at War. Casemate Publishers & Book Distributors, LLC. p. 329. ISBN 979-1021017467.
^ "4 – To Shetland and Orkney". Orkneyinga Saga. pp. 26–27.
^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Bates 1982, pp. 8–10.
^ Flodoard of Reims 2011, pp. xx–xxi, 14, 16–17
^ Douglas, D. C. (1942). Rollo of Normandy. The English Historical Review, 57(228), 417–436. http://www.jstor.org/stable/554369
^ "Rollo". Encyclopedia Britannica. 28 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
^ Neveux, François; Curtis, Howard (2008). A Brief History of the Normans: The Conquests that Changed the Face of Europe. Robinson. ISBN 978-1-84529-523-3.

[1] Bradbury, Jim (2004). The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. Routledge. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-415-41395-4.

[2] Bouet, Pierre (2016). Rollon : Le chef viking qui fonda la Normandie (in French). Tallander. p. 76.

[3] Hjardar, Kim; Vike, Vegard (2016). Vikings at War. Casemate Publishers & Book Distributors, LLC. p. 329. ISBN 979-1021017467.

[4] "4 – To Shetland and Orkney". Orkneyinga Saga. pp. 26–27.

[:0-5] Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:1-6] Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[FOOTNOTEBates19828–10-7] Bates 1982, pp. 8–10.

[8] Flodoard of Reims 2011, pp. xx–xxi, 14, 16–17

[9] Douglas, D. C. (1942). Rollo of Normandy. The English Historical Review, 57(228), 417–436. http://www.jstor.org/stable/554369

[10] "Rollo". Encyclopedia Britannica. 28 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2017.

[11] Neveux, François; Curtis, Howard (2008). A Brief History of the Normans: The Conquests that Changed the Face of Europe. Robinson. ISBN 978-1-84529-523-3.

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