Ross Gyre

The Ross Gyre is one of three gyres that exists within the Southern Ocean around Antarctica, the others being the Weddell Gyre and Balleny Gyre. The Ross Gyre is located north of the Ross Sea, and rotates clockwise. The gyre is formed by interactions between the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Antarctic Continental Shelf. The Ross Gyre is bounded by the Polar Front of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the north, the Antarctic Slope Current to the south, the Balleny Gyre to the west, and a variable boundary to the east from semiannual changes in sea surface height (SSH) in the Amundsen Sea.^[1]^[2] Circulation in the Ross Gyre has been estimated to be 20 ± 5 Sverdrup (Sv)^[3] and plays a large role in heat exchange in this region.^[4]

The salinity,^[5] nutrient,^[6] and carbon^[6] patterns in the gyre are related to seasonal ice cover and freshwater input.

Antarctic toothfish,^[7] orcas,^[8] Adélie penguins,^[9] Antarctic krill,^[10] Salpidae,^[10] Slender-billed prion^[11] and many other seabirds^[11] spend part of their lives in the Ross Gyre.

Climate change predictions anticipate a strengthening of the gyre's circulation which would increase shelf ice melt^[12] and slowdown deep water formation.^[13]

^ Bennetts, Luke G; Shakespeare, Callum J; Vreugdenhil, Catherine A; Foppert, Annie; Gayen, Bishakhdatta; Meyer, Amelie; Morrison, Adele K; Padman, Laurie; Phillips, Helen E (2023-07-08). "Closing the loops on Southern Ocean dynamics: From the circumpolar current to ice shelves and from bottom mixing to surface waves". ESS Open Archive. 739. Bibcode:2023esoar.73914213B. doi:10.22541/essoar.168882017.73914213/v1. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
^ Gouretski, V. (1999). "The Large-Scale Thermohaline Structure of the Ross Gyre". In Spezie, Giancarlo; Manzella, Giuseppe M. R. (eds.). Oceanography of the Ross Sea Antarctica. Milano: Springer Milan. pp. 77–100. doi:10.1007/978-88-470-2250-8_6. ISBN 978-88-470-2250-8.
^ Mazloff, Matthew R.; Heimbach, Patrick; Wunsch, Carl (2010-05-01). "An Eddy-Permitting Southern Ocean State Estimate". Journal of Physical Oceanography. 40 (5): 880–899. Bibcode:2010JPO....40..880M. doi:10.1175/2009JPO4236.1. ISSN 0022-3670.
^ Roach, Christopher J.; Speer, Kevin (2019). "Exchange of Water Between the Ross Gyre and ACC Assessed by Lagrangian Particle Tracking". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 124 (7): 4631–4643. doi:10.1029/2018JC014845. ISSN 2169-9275. S2CID 198421635.
^ Jacobs, S. S., Giulivi, C. F., & Mele, P. A. (2002). Freshening of the Ross Sea during the late 20th century. (Reports). Science, 297(5580), 386+. https://link-gale-com.oregonstate.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/A90164002/PPES?u=s8405248&sid=bookmark-PPES&xid=9dbc1a81
^ ^a ^b Rubin, Stephany I.; Takahashi, Taro; Chipman, David W.; Goddard, John G. (1998-08-01). "Primary productivity and nutrient utilization ratios in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean based on seasonal changes in seawater chemistry". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 45 (8): 1211–1234. Bibcode:1998DSRI...45.1211R. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00021-1. ISSN 0967-0637.
^ Hanchet, Stuart; Dunn, Alistair; Parker, Steven; Horn, Peter; Stevens, Darren; Mormede, Sophie (2015-10-01). "Erratum to: The Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni): biology, ecology, and life history in the Ross Sea region". Hydrobiologia. 761 (1): 415. doi:10.1007/s10750-015-2513-9. ISSN 0018-8158.
^ Andrews, Russel D.; Pitman, Robert L.; Ballance, Lisa T. (2008-11-01). "Satellite tracking reveals distinct movement patterns for Type B and Type C killer whales in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica". Polar Biology. 31 (12): 1461–1468. Bibcode:2008PoBio..31.1461A. doi:10.1007/s00300-008-0487-z. ISSN 1432-2056. S2CID 21327726.
^ Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste; Ropert-Coudert, Yan; Raclot, Thierry; Poupart, Timothée; Kato, Akiko; Takahashi, Akinori (2019-11-01). "Adélie penguins' extensive seasonal migration supports dynamic Marine Protected Area planning in Antarctica". Marine Policy. 109: 103692. Bibcode:2019MarPo.10903692T. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103692. ISSN 0308-597X. S2CID 204785151.
^ ^a ^b "Full Record - KRILLBASE: A database of Antarctic krill and salp densities in the Southern Ocean, 1926 to 2016 - British Antarctic Survey". British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council. doi:10.5285/8b00a915-94e3-4a04-a903-dd4956346439. hdl:10651/42937.
^ ^a ^b Ainley, David (1983). "AN ECOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF OCEANIC SEABIRD COMMUNITIES OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN" (PDF). Studies in Avian Biology. 8: 2–23.
^ Jacobs, S. S.; Giulivi, C. F.; Dutrieux, P. (2022). "Persistent Ross Sea Freshening From Imbalance West Antarctic Ice Shelf Melting". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 127 (3). Bibcode:2022JGRC..12717808J. doi:10.1029/2021jc017808. ISSN 2169-9275.
^ "Dwindling sea ice may speed melting of Antarctic glaciers". AAAS Articles DO Group. 2023-04-11. doi:10.1126/science.adi2227. Retrieved 2023-11-24.

[:5-1] Bennetts, Luke G; Shakespeare, Callum J; Vreugdenhil, Catherine A; Foppert, Annie; Gayen, Bishakhdatta; Meyer, Amelie; Morrison, Adele K; Padman, Laurie; Phillips, Helen E (2023-07-08). "Closing the loops on Southern Ocean dynamics: From the circumpolar current to ice shelves and from bottom mixing to surface waves". ESS Open Archive. 739. Bibcode:2023esoar.73914213B. doi:10.22541/essoar.168882017.73914213/v1. Retrieved 2023-11-27.

[:0-2] Gouretski, V. (1999). "The Large-Scale Thermohaline Structure of the Ross Gyre". In Spezie, Giancarlo; Manzella, Giuseppe M. R. (eds.). Oceanography of the Ross Sea Antarctica. Milano: Springer Milan. pp. 77–100. doi:10.1007/978-88-470-2250-8_6. ISBN 978-88-470-2250-8.

[:6-3] Mazloff, Matthew R.; Heimbach, Patrick; Wunsch, Carl (2010-05-01). "An Eddy-Permitting Southern Ocean State Estimate". Journal of Physical Oceanography. 40 (5): 880–899. Bibcode:2010JPO....40..880M. doi:10.1175/2009JPO4236.1. ISSN 0022-3670.

[:2-4] Roach, Christopher J.; Speer, Kevin (2019). "Exchange of Water Between the Ross Gyre and ACC Assessed by Lagrangian Particle Tracking". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 124 (7): 4631–4643. doi:10.1029/2018JC014845. ISSN 2169-9275. S2CID 198421635.

[:7-5] Jacobs, S. S., Giulivi, C. F., & Mele, P. A. (2002). Freshening of the Ross Sea during the late 20th century. (Reports). Science, 297(5580), 386+. https://link-gale-com.oregonstate.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/A90164002/PPES?u=s8405248&sid=bookmark-PPES&xid=9dbc1a81

[:04-6] Rubin, Stephany I.; Takahashi, Taro; Chipman, David W.; Goddard, John G. (1998-08-01). "Primary productivity and nutrient utilization ratios in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean based on seasonal changes in seawater chemistry". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 45 (8): 1211–1234. Bibcode:1998DSRI...45.1211R. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00021-1. ISSN 0967-0637.

[:9-7] Hanchet, Stuart; Dunn, Alistair; Parker, Steven; Horn, Peter; Stevens, Darren; Mormede, Sophie (2015-10-01). "Erratum to: The Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni): biology, ecology, and life history in the Ross Sea region". Hydrobiologia. 761 (1): 415. doi:10.1007/s10750-015-2513-9. ISSN 0018-8158.

[:10-8] Andrews, Russel D.; Pitman, Robert L.; Ballance, Lisa T. (2008-11-01). "Satellite tracking reveals distinct movement patterns for Type B and Type C killer whales in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica". Polar Biology. 31 (12): 1461–1468. Bibcode:2008PoBio..31.1461A. doi:10.1007/s00300-008-0487-z. ISSN 1432-2056. S2CID 21327726.

[:12-9] Thiebot, Jean-Baptiste; Ropert-Coudert, Yan; Raclot, Thierry; Poupart, Timothée; Kato, Akiko; Takahashi, Akinori (2019-11-01). "Adélie penguins' extensive seasonal migration supports dynamic Marine Protected Area planning in Antarctica". Marine Policy. 109: 103692. Bibcode:2019MarPo.10903692T. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103692. ISSN 0308-597X. S2CID 204785151.

[:11-10] "Full Record - KRILLBASE: A database of Antarctic krill and salp densities in the Southern Ocean, 1926 to 2016 - British Antarctic Survey". British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council. doi:10.5285/8b00a915-94e3-4a04-a903-dd4956346439. hdl:10651/42937.

[:05-11] Ainley, David (1983). "AN ECOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF OCEANIC SEABIRD COMMUNITIES OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN" (PDF). Studies in Avian Biology. 8: 2–23.

[:13-12] Jacobs, S. S.; Giulivi, C. F.; Dutrieux, P. (2022). "Persistent Ross Sea Freshening From Imbalance West Antarctic Ice Shelf Melting". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 127 (3). Bibcode:2022JGRC..12717808J. doi:10.1029/2021jc017808. ISSN 2169-9275.

[:14-13] "Dwindling sea ice may speed melting of Antarctic glaciers". AAAS Articles DO Group. 2023-04-11. doi:10.1126/science.adi2227. Retrieved 2023-11-24.

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