Rudra

Rudra
Rudra
God of Auspiciousness, the Wind, Death, Destruction, Time, and Animals
	Rudra, from an 18th-century Assamese manuscript Ananda Patani.
Affiliation	Shiva, Vayu, Deva
Mantra	Mahamrityunjaya Mantra
Weapons	Bow and Arrow, Trishula
Texts	Shri Rudram, Rig Veda

Rudra (/ˈrʊdrə/; Sanskrit: रुद्र) is a Rigvedic deity associated with Shiva, the wind or storms,^[1] Vayu,^[2]^[3] medicine, and the hunt.^[4] One translation of the name is 'the roarer'.^[5]^[6]^[7] In the Rigveda, Rudra is praised as the "mightiest of the mighty".^[8] Rudra means "who eradicates problems from their roots". Depending upon the periodic situation, Rudra can mean 'the most severe roarer/howler' (could be a hurricane or tempest) or 'the most frightening one'. This name appears in the Shiva Sahasranama, and R. K. Sharma notes that it is used as a name of Shiva often in later languages. The "Shri Rudram" hymn from the Yajurveda is dedicated to Rudra and is important in the Shaivism sect.^[9]^[10] In Prathama Anuvaka of Namakam (Taittiriya Samhita 4.5), Sri Rudram the "mightiest of the mighty" Rudra, is revered as Sadasiva (meaning 'mighty Shiva') and Mahadeva. Sadashiva is the Supreme Being, Paramashiva in the Mantra marga Siddhanta sect of Shaivism. Also, the name Shiva is used many times in the same Anuvaka for invoking Rudra.

^ Basham (1989), p. 15.
^ The Rigveda, with Dayananda Saraswati's Commentary, Volume 1. Sarvadeshik Arya Pratinidhi Sabha. 1974. p. 717. The third meaning of Rudra is Vayu or air that causes pain to the wicked on the account of their evil actions...... Vayu or air is called Rudra as it makes a person weep causing pain as a result of bad deeds .
^ C. P. Tiele (2005). Outlines Of The History Of Religion To The Spread Of The Universal Religions. Concept Publishing Company. p. 113. ISBN 978-8172681234.
^ Charles Russell Coulter; Patricia Turner (4 July 2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135963903.
^ Majumdar (1951), p. 162.
^ Zimmer (1972), p. 181.
^ Griffith (1973), p. 75, note 1.
^ A. B. Keith. "Yajur Veda". All Four Vedas. Islamic Books. p. 45. GGKEY:K8CQJCCR1AX.
^ For an overview of the Śatarudriya see: Kramrisch (1993), pp. 71–4.
^ For a full translation of the complete hymn see Sivaramamurti (2004), p. 13.

[FOOTNOTEBasham198915-1] Basham (1989), p. 15.

[2] The Rigveda, with Dayananda Saraswati's Commentary, Volume 1. Sarvadeshik Arya Pratinidhi Sabha. 1974. p. 717. The third meaning of Rudra is Vayu or air that causes pain to the wicked on the account of their evil actions...... Vayu or air is called Rudra as it makes a person weep causing pain as a result of bad deeds .

[3] C. P. Tiele (2005). Outlines Of The History Of Religion To The Spread Of The Universal Religions. Concept Publishing Company. p. 113. ISBN 978-8172681234.

[4] Charles Russell Coulter; Patricia Turner (4 July 2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1135963903.

[FOOTNOTEMajumdar1951162-5] Majumdar (1951), p. 162.

[FOOTNOTEZimmer1972181-6] Zimmer (1972), p. 181.

[FOOTNOTEGriffith1973p._75,_note_1-7] Griffith (1973), p. 75, note 1.

[Kotob-8] A. B. Keith. "Yajur Veda". All Four Vedas. Islamic Books. p. 45. GGKEY:K8CQJCCR1AX.

[Kramrisch1993_7174-9] For an overview of the Śatarudriya see: Kramrisch (1993), pp. 71–4.

[10] For a full translation of the complete hymn see Sivaramamurti (2004), p. 13.

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