Term describing Russian political ideology
This article is about the contemporary syncretic ideology of Russia. For the 1930–1940s Russian fascism, see
Russian Fascist Party . For the political ideology of Vladimir Putin, see
Putinism .
A combination of Saint George's ribbon and the letter Z , two symbols associated with Ruscism. The combination of these symbols has been compared to the Nazi swastika , and is sometimes called zwastika .[ 1] [ 2]
Ruscism [ a] , also known as Rashism [ b] or Russism [ a] (or Russian fascism [ c] ), is a neologism[ 3] [ 4] and derogatory term used by a number of scholars, politicians and publicists[ 5] to describe the political ideology and the social practices of the Russian state in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, especially during the rule of Vladimir Putin . It is also used in reference to the ideology of Russian military expansionism ,[ 6] [ 7] [ 1] [ 8] and has been used as a label to describe an undemocratic system and nationality cult mixed with ultranationalism and a cult of personality .[ 9] [ 10] That transformation was described as based on the ideas of the "special civilizational mission " of the Russians , such as Moscow as the third Rome and expansionism,[ 11] [ 12] [ 13] which manifests itself in anti-Westernism and supports regaining former lands by conquest.[ 14] [ 15] [ 16] Ukrainian officials and media often use 'Rashist' to broadly refer to members and backers of the Russian Armed Forces .[ 17] [ 18]
The term's current usage originated in 1995 during the First Chechen War , but it became more prevalent after the Russo-Georgian and Russo-Ukrainian wars, and especially during the Russian invasion of Ukraine .
^ a b Marayev, Vladlen; Guz, Julia (30 March 2022). "Rashism or why russians are the new Nazi" . VoxUkraine . Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022 .
^ Varnytskyy, Viktor (23 March 2022). «Звичайний рашизм»: Путін відверто і послідовно наслідує Гітлера ["Ordinary Rashism": Putin openly and consistently imitates Hitler]. Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . Archived from the original on 25 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022 .
^ Snyder, Timothy (22 April 2022). "The War in Ukraine Has Unleashed a New Word" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023 . Three-quarters of the letters in a Ukrainian neologism from English ("Pаша") are brought together with five-sixths of the letters from an adopted Italian word ("фашизм," fascism) [...] The Ukrainian language has offered a neologism whose formation helps us to see deeper into the creativity of another culture, and whose meaning helps us to see why this war is fought
^ Spišiaková, Mária; Natalia, Shumeiko. "Political Euphemisms and Neologisms in Online Media Content: Amid the War in Ukraine" (PDF) .
^ *"Zelenskyy Compares Evil of Nazism to 'Current Evil of Ruscism' " . Voice of America . 8 May 2023. Archived from the original on 28 July 2023.
^ Samoilenko, Sergei A.; Keohane, Jennifer; Icks, Martijn; Shiraev, Eric (2019). Routledge Handbook of Character Assassination and Reputation Management . Routledge International Handbooks. Taylor & Francis . p. 367. ISBN 978-1-351-36832-2 . Retrieved 28 April 2022 . Ukrainian press has been presenting .... the term Rashism, which conflates Russia and fascism
^ Gaufman, Elizaveta (2016). Security Threats and Public Perception: Digital Russia and the Ukraine Crisis . New Security Challenges. Springer International Publishing . p. 107. ISBN 978-3-319-43201-4 . Retrieved 28 April 2022 . Pro-Ukrainian commentators have also used the word 'Rashism'
^ Mohammed, Zahraa Jasim; Challoob, Mahmood Ghazi (2021). Некоторые Инновационные словообразовательные процессы в популярных интернет-текстах в русском и арабском языках [Some innovative word-formation processes in popular Internet texts in Russian and Arabic]. Journal of the College of Languages (in Russian) (43): 186–207. doi :10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.43.0186 . S2CID 242426043 . Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022 .
^ "Jak raszyzm rozlewał się na zachód Europy" [How Ruscism spread to Western Europe]. Rzeczpospolita (in Polish). 22 April 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022 .
^ Cite error: The named reference Snyder_2022-05-19
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Gregor, A. James (March 1998). "Fascism and the New Russian Nationalism". Communist and Post-Communist Studies . 31 (1): 1–15. doi :10.1016/S0967-067X(97)00025-1 . JSTOR 48609343 . S2CID 153638678 .
^ Motyl, Alexander J. (23 April 2015). "Is Putin's Russia Fascist?" . UkraineAlert . Atlantic Council . Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
^ Stanley, Jason (26 February 2022). "The antisemitism animating Putin's claim to 'denazify' Ukraine" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022 .
^ Kalisz, Stanisław (26 April 2022). "Raszyzm, czyli "byt kształtuje świadomość" – a może już na odwrót? Portret" [Rashism, meaning "being shapes consciousness – or maybe the other way around? Portrait]. Europrojekty (in Polish). Retrieved 25 May 2022 .
^ Gotowalska, Żaneta (30 April 2022). "Raszyzm w natarciu. "Zbłąkanych" Ukraińców nawrócić, resztę wyeliminować" [Rashism on the rise. Convert the "stray" Ukrainians and eliminate the rest]. WP Magazyn (in Polish). Retrieved 25 May 2022 .
^ "Rashism or why russians are the new Nazi" . VoxUkraine . 30 March 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2022 .
^ Mirovalev, Mansur (3 May 2022). " 'Orcs' and 'Rashists': Ukraine's new language of war" . Al Jazeera . Archived from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022 .
^ "Ideolohiya rashyzmu maye buty zasudzhena svitom, yak natsyzm i fashyzm – istoryk" Ідеологія рашизму має бути засуджена світом, як нацизм і фашизм – історик [The ideology of Rashism can be condemned by the world, like Nazism and fascism – historian] (in Ukrainian). Ukrinform . 8 March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022 .
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