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| Russian Cyrillic alphabet Русская кириллическая азбука | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Script type | |
| Languages | Russian modern orthography: 1918 to present |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Egyptian hieroglyphs[1]
|
Child systems | Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Cyrl (220), Cyrillic |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Cyrillic |
| subset of Cyrillic (U+0400...U+04FF) | |
The Russian alphabet (ру́сский алфави́т, russkiy alfavit,[a] or ру́сская а́збука, russkaya azbuka,[b] more traditionally) is the script used to write the Russian language. It is derived from the Cyrillic script. The early Cyrillic alphabet was adapted to Russian from Old Church Slavonic. The last major orthographical reform took place in 1917–1918.[2]
The modern Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters: twenty consonants (⟨б⟩, ⟨в⟩, ⟨г⟩, ⟨д⟩, ⟨ж⟩, ⟨з⟩, ⟨к⟩, ⟨л⟩, ⟨м⟩, ⟨н⟩, ⟨п⟩, ⟨р⟩, ⟨с⟩, ⟨т⟩, ⟨ф⟩, ⟨х⟩, ⟨ц⟩, ⟨ч⟩, ⟨ш⟩, ⟨щ⟩), ten vowels (⟨а⟩, ⟨е⟩, ⟨ё⟩, ⟨и⟩, ⟨о⟩, ⟨у⟩, ⟨ы⟩, ⟨э⟩, ⟨ю⟩, ⟨я⟩), a semivowel / consonant (⟨й⟩), and two modifier letters or "signs" (⟨ъ⟩, ⟨ь⟩) that alter pronunciation of a preceding consonant or a following vowel.
- ^ Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (Jan./Feb. 2000): 21.
- ^ Verhoeven, Ludo Th; Perfetti, Charles (12 October 2017). Learning to Read across Languages and Writing Systems. Cambridge University Press. p. 401. ISBN 978-1-107-09588-5.
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