SGLT2 inhibitor

SGLT2 inhibitors (also called gliflozins or flozins) are a class of medications that inhibit sodium-glucose transport proteins in the nephron (the functional units of the kidney), unlike SGLT1 inhibitors that perform a similar function in the intestinal mucosa. The foremost metabolic effect of this is to inhibit reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and therefore lower blood sugar.^[1] They act by inhibiting sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). SGLT2 inhibitors are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Apart from blood sugar control, gliflozins have been shown to provide significant cardiovascular benefit in people with type 2 diabetes.^[2]^[3] As of 2014^[update], several medications of this class had been approved or were under development.^[4] In studies on canagliflozin, a member of this class, the medication was found to enhance blood sugar control as well as reduce body weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.^[5]

^ Shubrook J, Baradar-Bokaie B, Adkins S (2015). "Empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Evidence to date". Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 9: 5793–803. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S69926. PMC 4634822. PMID 26586935.
^ Usman MS, Siddiqi TJ, Memon MM, Khan MS, Rawasia WF, Talha Ayub M, et al. (2018). "Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis". European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 25 (5): 495–502. doi:10.1177/2047487318755531. PMID 29372664. S2CID 3557967.
^ Bonora BM, Avogaro A, Fadini GP (2020). "Extraglycemic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Review of the Evidence". Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 13: 161–174. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S233538. PMC 6982447. PMID 32021362.
^ Scheen AJ (2014). "Pharmacodynamics, Efficacy and Safety of Sodium–Glucose Co-Transporter Type 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". Drugs. 75 (1): 33–59. doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0337-y. PMID 25488697. S2CID 9350259.
^ Haas B, Eckstein N, Pfeifer V, Mayer P, Hass MD (2014). "Efficacy, safety and regulatory status of SGLT2 inhibitors: Focus on canagliflozin". Nutrition & Diabetes. 4 (11): e143. doi:10.1038/nutd.2014.40. PMC 4259905. PMID 25365416.