Salman the Persian

Salman al-Farsi
سَلْمَان ٱلْفَارِسِيّ‎
Depiction of Salman's father banishing him from Persia for renouncing Zoroastrianism, c. 1595
Born	c. 568 CE Ramhormoz, Sasanian Empire (now Iran)[1]
Died	c. 652 or 653 CE[2] Al-Mada'in, Rashidun Caliphate (now Iraq)
Monuments	Mosque of Salman al-Farsi, Iraq
Known for	Being one of Muhammad's companions
Works	Partial[3] translation of the Quran into the Persian language

Salman al-Farsi (Arabic: سَلْمَان ٱلْفَارِسِيّ) was a Persian religious scholar and one of the companions of Muhammad. As a practicing Zoroastrian, he dedicated much of his early life to studying to become a magus, though he later became preoccupied with travelling throughout Western Asia to engage in interfaith dialogue with other religious groups. His quests eventually prompted his conversion to Christianity and later his conversion to Islam, which occurred after he met and befriended Muhammad in the city of Yathrib. He was a prominent non-Arab companion and one of Muhammad's closest friends; Muhammad had once stated to a gathering of his followers that he regarded Salman as a part of his family.^[4] In meetings with the other companions, he was often referred to by the kunya Abu ʿAbdullah.

Prior to the Battle of the Trench in 627, Salman suggested to Muhammad and the other early Muslims that a large trench be dug around Yathrib (a technique commonly used by the Sasanian army) in order to help defend against the Quraysh, who were marching from Mecca in order to besiege the city.^[5] After Muhammad's death in 632, Salman followed Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib, and is believed to have participated in the Muslim conquest of Persia, aiding the territorial expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate outside of the Arabian Peninsula.^[6]